Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34970921›Full record

ArticleJournal of the American Heart Association2022

Association Between Arousals During Sleep and Hypertension Among Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea.

Rong Ren, Ye Zhang, Linghui Yang, Virend K Somers, Naima Covassin, Xiangdong Tang

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of the American Heart Association, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
25citing papers in PubMed
2.3field-weighted citation impact, top 11% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

25 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Trial
  2. Sleep, Neural Circulatory Control, and Cardiovascular Disease: A Mechanistic Review.Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology · 2026
    Review
  3. Article
  4. Redefining Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Multidimensional Phenotyping Beyond the Apnea-Hypopnea Index.Pathophysiology : the official journal of the International Society for Pathophysiology · 2026
    Review
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Actigraphy-derived sleep fragmentation index: convergent validity and associations with clinical outcomes.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2025
    Article
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. Observational
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Review
  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Rong RenDepartment of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Sleep Medicine Center Translational Neuroscience Center State Key Laboratory West China HospitalSichuan University Chengdu China.
Ye ZhangDepartment of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Sleep Medicine Center Translational Neuroscience Center State Key Laboratory West China HospitalSichuan University Chengdu China.
Linghui YangDepartment of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Sleep Medicine Center Translational Neuroscience Center State Key Laboratory West China HospitalSichuan University Chengdu China.ORCID 0000-0002-7926-5233
Virend K SomersDepartment of Cardiovascular Medicine Mayo Clinic Rochester MN.ORCID 0000-0003-4045-4341
Naima CovassinDepartment of Cardiovascular Medicine Mayo Clinic Rochester MN.ORCID 0000-0003-0523-3615
Xiangdong TangDepartment of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Sleep Medicine Center Translational Neuroscience Center State Key Laboratory West China HospitalSichuan University Chengdu China.ORCID 0000-0001-6876-3328
Sichuan University · CNMayo Clinic in Arizona · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background Sleep fragmentation induced by repetitive arousals is a hallmark of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Sleep fragmentation has been linked to hypertension in community-based studies, but it is unclear if this association is manifest in OSA. We aimed to explore whether frequent arousals from sleep modify the relationship between OSA and prevalent hypertension. Methods and Results A total of 10 102 patients with OSA and 1614 primary snorers were included in the study. Hypertension was defined on either direct blood pressure measures or diagnosis by a physician. Spontaneous, respiratory, and movement arousals were derived by polysomnography. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the associations between arousals and prevalent hypertension in patients with OSA and primary snorers. For every 10-unit increase of total arousal index, odds of hypertension significantly increased in both the total sample (odds ratio [OR], 1.08; 95% CI, 1.03-1.14;

Indexed as

HypertensionSleep Apnea, ObstructiveArousalHumansSleepSleep Deprivationhigh blood pressurehypertensionobstructive sleep apnearepetitive arousalssleep fragmentation

Identifiers

PMID34970921
PMCPMC9075207
OpenAlexW4205612436

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.