ArticleCommunications earth & environment2021
A century of decoupling size and structure of urban spaces in the United States.
Article in Communications earth & environment, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Recent advances in urban system science: Models and data.PloS one · 2022Pooled it
- Patterns, drivers, and trends of urban cooling demand across global cities.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Big cities fuel inequality within and across generations.PNAS nexus · 2025Article
- GEOWEALTH-US: Spatial wealth inequality data for the United States, 1960-2020.Scientific data · 2024Article
- Spatially explicit accuracy assessment of deep learning-based, fine-resolution built-up land data in the United States.International journal of applied earth observation and geoinformation : ITC journal · 2023Article
- Settlement relationships and their morphological homogeneity across time and scale.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Gridded land use data for the conterminous United States 1940-2015.Scientific data · 2022Article
- Towards the automated large-scale reconstruction of past road networks from historical maps.Computers, environment and urban systems · 2022Article
- Housing unit and urbanization estimates for the continental U.S. in consistent tract boundaries, 1940-2019.Scientific data · 2022Article
- Creeping disaster along the U.S. coastline: Understanding exposure to sea level rise and hurricanes through historical development.PloS one · 2022Article
- Global Harmonization of Urbanization Measures: Proceed with Care.Remote sensing · 2021Article
- Combining Remote-Sensing-Derived Data and Historical Maps for Long-Term Back-Casting of Urban Extents.Remote sensing · 2021Article
- Looking Back, Looking Forward: Progress and Prospect for Spatial Demography.Spatial demography · 2021Article
- Fine-grained, spatiotemporal datasets measuring 200 years of land development in the United States.Earth system science data · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Most cities in the United States of America are thought to have followed similar development trajectories to evolve into their present form. However, data on spatial development of cities are limited prior to 1970. Here we leverage a compilation of high-resolution spatial land use and building data to examine the evolving size and form (shape and structure) of US metropolitan areas since the early twentieth century. Our analysis of building patterns over 100 years reveals strong regularities in the development of the size and density of cities and their surroundings, regardless of timing or location of development. At the same time, we find that trajectories regarding shape and structure are harder to codify and more complex. We conclude that these discrepant developments of urban size- and form-related characteristics are driven, in part, by the long-term decoupling of these two sets of attributes over time.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.