Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34970105›Full record

ReviewThe Yale journal of biology and medicine2021

Chronic Pulmonary Aspergillosis: A Brief Review.

Azmaeen Zarif, Adith Thomas, Alex Vayro

Open access · greenAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in The Yale journal of biology and medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
22citing papers in PubMed
0.9field-weighted citation impact, top 22% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

22 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. International journal of molecular sciences · 2026
    Review
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Performance of the LDBioMicrobiology spectrum · 2026
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Azole-ResistantJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025
    Review
  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis in tea population of Assam.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025
    Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. Review
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Azmaeen ZarifCambridge Judge Business School, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-1837-4460
Adith ThomasCambridge Judge Business School, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Alex VayroCambridge Judge Business School, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
University of Cambridge · GB

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Chronic Pulmonary Aspergillosis (CPA) is a destructive pulmonary disease caused by a fungal infection, affecting mainly individuals with prior or concurrent pulmonary conditions. It has a global prevalence of 42 per 100,000 population, but in the US and Europe, prevalence is less than 1 per 100,000. The clinical definition of CPA is based on various factors accounting for comorbidities, clinical presentation, and duration. It may be categorized into five subtypes that the disease may evolve between over time. Based on global consensus covering the spectrum of low-resource to high-resource settings, diagnosis is a multi-factorial process that involves a combination of clinical presentation persisting over 3 months, radiological findings, positive culture growth, and serological tests. CPA remains underdiagnosed due to a lack of awareness and is often misdiagnosed due to the comorbidities present. Treatment options are limited due to a lack of research. Furthermore, associated comorbidities and drug interactions further complicate treatment plans. Follow-up throughout treatment should be based on understanding the predictors of mortality. Identification of potential relapse or resistance to antifungal therapy is crucial to limit the low long-term survival rate. Awareness surrounding this devastating disease needs to be raised further to enable earlier identification, improve understanding of patient factors associated with prognosis, and the future potential for targeted therapies. This review aims to raise awareness of this rare condition among practitioners, by providing an overview of common risk factors influencing the prevalence and incidence of the disease. We further discuss current approaches and recent advancements in CPA diagnosis and treatment.

Indexed as

Pulmonary AspergillosisChronic DiseaseHumansIncidencePrevalencechronic pulmonary aspergillosisfungal infection comorbiditiesfungal pulmonary diseaseglobal aspergillosis burdentuberculosis

Identifiers

PMID34970105
PMCPMC8686779
OpenAlexW4226439375

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.