Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34969991›Full record

ArticleNature ecology & evolution2022

Colonial history and global economics distort our understanding of deep-time biodiversity.

Nussaïbah B Raja, Emma M Dunne, Aviwe Matiwane, Tasnuva Ming Khan, Paulina S Nätscher, Aline M Ghilardi, Devapriya Chattopadhyay

Erratum issuedAbstract read
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Nature ecology & evolution, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 55 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
55citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

55 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Systematic review of global historical marine ecology reveals geographical and taxonomic research gaps and biases.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2025
    Pooled it
  2. Environmental Context of Hominin Foot Evolution.American journal of biological anthropology · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Global natural history infrastructure requires international solidarity, support, and investment in local capacity.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Nussaïbah B Raja *GeoZentrum Nordbayern, Department of Geography and Geosciences, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany. nussaibah.raja.schoob@fau.de.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0000-3944
Emma M Dunne *School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4989-5904
Aviwe MatiwaneDepartment of Botany, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8841-0623
Tasnuva Ming KhanGeoZentrum Nordbayern, Department of Geography and Geosciences, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8562-3746
Paulina S NätscherGeoZentrum Nordbayern, Department of Geography and Geosciences, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5121-3055
Aline M GhilardiFederal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Department of Geology, Natal, RN, Brazil.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9136-0236
Devapriya ChattopadhyayIISER Pune, Department of Earth and Climate Science, Pune, India.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9102-9313

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Sampling biases in the fossil record distort estimates of past biodiversity. However, these biases not only reflect the geological and spatial aspects of the fossil record, but also the historical and current collation of fossil data. We demonstrate how the legacy of colonialism and socioeconomic factors, such as wealth, education and political stability, impact the global distribution of fossil data over the past 30 years. We find that a global power imbalance persists in palaeontology, with researchers in high- or upper-middle-income countries holding a monopoly over palaeontological knowledge production by contributing to 97% of fossil data. As a result, some countries or regions tend to be better sampled than others, ultimately leading to heterogeneous spatial sampling across the globe. This illustrates how efforts to mitigate sampling biases to obtain a truly representative view of past biodiversity are not disconnected from the aim of diversifying and decolonizing our discipline.

Indexed as

BiodiversityPaleontologyFossilsSelection Bias

Identifiers

PMID34969991

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.