Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34969970›Full record

ArticleNature chemical biology2022

Engineering CAR-T cells to activate small-molecule drugs in situ.

Thomas J Gardner, J Peter Lee, Christopher M Bourne, Dinali Wijewarnasuriya, Nihar Kinarivala, Keifer G Kurtz, Broderick C Corless, Megan M Dacek, Aaron Y Chang, George Mo and 4 more

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature chemical biology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
45citing papers in PubMed
5.0field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

45 citing papers in PubMed, 73 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Small-molecule control of CAR T cells.Nature reviews. Chemistry · 2025
    Review
  7. Review
  8. Review
  9. Activation ofACS chemical biology · 2025
    Article
  10. Review
  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. Review
  14. Review
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. Augmenting CAR T-cell Functions with LIGHT.Cancer immunology research · 2024
    Article
  18. Review
  19. Article
  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Thomas J Gardner *Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
J Peter Lee *Chemical Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4507-046X
Christopher M BourneMolecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9290-4223
Dinali WijewarnasuriyaDepartment of Medicine, Memorial Hospital, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
Nihar KinarivalaChemical Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0320-7600
Keifer G KurtzMolecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
Broderick C CorlessChemical Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
Megan M DacekMolecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1731-1502
Aaron Y ChangBCMB Allied Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7770-7405
George MoMolecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
Kha M NguyenChemical Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8621-8603
Renier J BrentjensDepartment of Medicine, Memorial Hospital, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3364-5388
Derek S TanChemical Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA. tand@mskcc.org.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7956-9659
David A ScheinbergMolecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA. scheinbd@mskcc.org.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4160-923X
Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center · US

Funding

X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHYP30CA008748 · NCI · SLOAN-KETTERING INSTITUTE FOR CANCER RES · PI Hongbiao Carl Lekaye · 1985 to 2026
$347.4M
T LYMPHOCYTE SUBSET FUNCTION POST-TRANSPLANTATIONP01CA023766 · NCI · SLOAN-KETTERING INSTITUTE FOR CANCER RES · PI SCHEINBERG, DAVID A · 1985 to 2023
$59.0M
CANCER PHARMACOLOGYT32CA062948 · NCI · WEILL MEDICAL COLL OF CORNELL UNIV · PI LORRAINE J GUDAS · 1994 to 2026
$12.1M
Understanding and Mimicking TCR Recognition with Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies.R35CA241894 · NCI · SLOAN-KETTERING INST CAN RESEARCH · PI DAVID A SCHEINBERG · 2020 to 2026
$7.2M
RECOMBINANT ANTICD33 ANTIBODY FOR AMLR01CA055349 · NCI · SLOAN-KETTERING INSTITUTE FOR CANCER RES · PI SCHEINBERG, DAVID A · 1991 to 2020
$6.8M
Small-Molecule Antibiotics Targeting Siderophore Biosynthesis in M. tuberculosisR01AI118224 · NIAID · SLOAN-KETTERING INST CAN RESEARCH · PI QUADRI, LUIS E, TAN, DEREK S · 2016 to 2020
$3.4M
Predoctoral Training in Pharmacological SciencesT32GM141949 · NIGMS · WEILL MEDICAL COLL OF CORNELL UNIV · PI Kristen Elizabeth Pleil · 2021 to 2026
$2.5M
Creating a targeted micropharmacy for improved cellular cancer therapiesF32CA224438 · NCI · SLOAN-KETTERING INST CAN RESEARCH · PI GARDNER, THOMAS J · 2018 to 2020
$162k
NCI NIH HHS F32 CA224438NCI NIH HHS P01 CA023766NCI NIH HHS P30 CA008748NCI NIH HHS R01 CA055349NCI NIH HHS R35 CA241894NCI NIH HHS T32 CA062948NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI118224NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM141949
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells represent a major breakthrough in cancer therapy, wherein a patient's own T cells are engineered to recognize a tumor antigen, resulting in activation of a local cytotoxic immune response. However, CAR-T cell therapies are currently limited to the treatment of B cell cancers and their effectiveness is hindered by resistance from antigen-negative tumor cells, immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment, eventual exhaustion of T cell immunologic functions and frequent severe toxicities. To overcome these problems, we have developed a novel class of CAR-T cells engineered to express an enzyme that activates a systemically administered small-molecule prodrug in situ at a tumor site. We show that these synthetic enzyme-armed killer (SEAKER) cells exhibit enhanced anticancer activity with small-molecule prodrugs, both in vitro and in vivo in mouse tumor models. This modular platform enables combined targeting of cellular and small-molecule therapies to treat cancers and potentially a variety of other diseases.

Indexed as

AnimalsAntineoplastic AgentsDrug Delivery SystemsFemaleHEK293 CellsHumansMaleMiceMice, Inbred C57BLNeoplasmsNeoplasms, ExperimentalProdrugsReceptors, Chimeric AntigenT-LymphocytesTumor MicroenvironmentXenograft Model Antitumor AssaysAntineoplastic AgentsProdrugsReceptors, Chimeric Antigen

Identifiers

PMID34969970
PMCPMC9152922
OpenAlexW4200474246

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.