Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34969840›Full record

Trial reportProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2022

Children across societies enforce conventional norms but in culturally variable ways.

Patricia Kanngiesser, Marie Schäfer, Esther Herrmann, Henriette Zeidler, Daniel Haun, Michael Tomasello

Abstract readClinical Trial
In one paragraph

Trial report in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Children across societies enforce conventional norms but in culturally variable ways.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022
    Trial
  2. Children from six cultures reliably help their peers-but in different ways.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
    Article
  3. Infants use helping to infer the existence and strength of caring relationships.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Cross-societal variation in norm enforcement systems.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2024
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Patricia KanngiesserSchool of Psychology, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, United Kingdom; patricia.kanngiesser@plymouth.ac.uk.ORCID 0000-0003-1068-3725
Marie SchäferDepartment of Philosophy, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-0739-2273
Esther HerrmannDepartment of Psychology, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2DY, United Kingdom.
Henriette ZeidlerSchool of Psychology, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0002-5521-102X
Daniel HaunDepartment of Comparative Cultural Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-3262-645X
Michael TomaselloDepartment of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Individuals in all societies conform to their cultural group's conventional norms, from how to dress on certain occasions to how to play certain games. It is an open question, however, whether individuals in all societies actively enforce the group's conventional norms when others break them. We investigated third-party enforcement of conventional norms in 5- to 8-y-old children (

Indexed as

Child DevelopmentSocial IdentificationSocial NormsChildChild, PreschoolFemaleHumansMaleconventionscoordinationcross-culturalnormssanctions

Identifiers

PMID34969840
PMCPMC8740750

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.