Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34969152›Full record

ArticleJournal of community psychology2022

Factors associated with county-level mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Carly Lupton-Smith, Elena Badillo-Goicochea, Ting-Hsuan Chang, Hannah Maniates, Kira E Riehm, Ian Schmid, Elizabeth A Stuart

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of community psychology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Carly Lupton-SmithDepartment of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-1067-3260
Elena Badillo-GoicocheaDepartment of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Ting-Hsuan ChangDepartment of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Hannah ManiatesDepartment of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Kira E RiehmDepartment of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Ian SchmidDepartment of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Elizabeth A StuartDepartment of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

Funding

EPIDEMIOLOGY AND BIOSTATISTICS OF AGINGT32AG000247 · NIA · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI Karen J. Bandeen-Roche · 1996 to 2026
$13.2M
Integrating data for causal inference in behavioral healthT32MH122357 · NIMH · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI Rashelle Jean Musci, Elizabeth A. Stuart · 2020 to 2026
$1.8M
Causal mediation methods for studying mechanisms in mental healthR01MH115487 · NIMH · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI STUART, ELIZABETH A. · 2018 to 2021
$1.3M
Johns Hopkins UniversityNIA NIH HHS T32 AG000247NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH115487NIMH NIH HHS T32 MH122357
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The objective of this study is to determine county-level factors associated with anxiety, depression, and isolation during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This study used daily data from 23,592,355 respondents of a nationwide Facebook-based survey from April 2020 to July 2021, aggregated to the week-county level to yield 212,581 observations. Mental distress prevalences were modeled using weighted linear mixed-effects models with a county random effect. These models revealed that weekly percentages of mental distress were higher in counties with higher unemployment rates, populations, and education levels; higher percentages of females, young adults, individuals with a medical condition, and individuals very worried about their finances and COVID-19; and lower percentages of individuals who were working outside the home, living with children, without health insurance, and Black. Anxiety peaked in April 2020, depression in October 2020, and isolation in December 2020. Therefore, United States counties experienced the mental health effects of the pandemic differently dependent upon their characteristics, and mental distress prevalence varied across time.

Indexed as

COVID-19AnxietyChildFemaleHumansMental HealthPandemicsSARS-CoV-2Young AdultanxietycountiesCOVID-19depressioneducationisolationsociodemographics

Identifiers

PMID34969152
PMCPMC9015572

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.