ArticleNursing reports (Pavia, Italy)2021
Association between Caffeine Intake and All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality: An Analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2014 Database.
Article in Nursing reports (Pavia, Italy), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Coffee Consumption and Mortality among United States Adults: A Prospective Cohort Study.The Journal of nutrition · 2025Article
- Association Between Caffeine Intake and Bowel Habits and Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Population-Based Study.Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare · 2025Article
- Caffeine: A Multifunctional Efficacious Molecule with Diverse Health Implications and Emerging Delivery Systems.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Sweetened caffeine drinking revealed behavioral rhythm independent of the central circadian clock in male mice.NPJ science of food · 2024Article
- Genetic Polymorphisms of P2RX7 but Not of ADORA2A Are Associated with the Severity of SARS-CoV-2 Infection.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Association of caffeine consumption with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in adult Americans with hypertension.Food science & nutrition · 2024Article
- Association between coffee intake and skeletal muscle mass among U.S. adults: a population-based study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Article
- Exploring the association between caffeine intake and benign prostatic hyperplasia: results from the NHANES 2005-2008.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Article
- Overview of Caffeine Effects on Human Health and Emerging Delivery Strategies.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Health Benefits of Coffee Consumption for Cancer and Other Diseases and Mechanisms of Action.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Association between caffeine intake and lumbar spine bone mineral density in adults aged 20-49: A cross-sectional study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Article
- Association of caffeine intake with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in elderly patients with hypertension.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Sixty-four percent of adults in America drink coffee daily, and caffeine is the main reason people tend to drink coffee habitually. Few studies have examined the association between caffeine and all-cause and cause-specific mortality. The objective of this study was to examine the association between caffeine and all-cause and cause-specific mortality using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2014 database. The multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to examine 23,878 individuals 20 years and older. Daily caffeine intake was measured once at baseline. A total of 2206 deaths occurred, including 394 cardiovascular (CVD) deaths and 525 cancer deaths. Compared to those with a caffeine intake of <100 mg/day, the hazard ratios (HRs) for CVD mortality were significantly lower in the participants with a caffeine intake of 100-200 mg/day (HR, 0.63; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.45-0.88), and those with a caffeine intake of >200 mg/day (HR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.50-0.88) after adjusting for potential confounders. The HRs for all-cause mortality were significantly lower in the participants with a caffeine intake of 100-200 mg/day (HR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.67-0.91), and those with a caffeine intake of >200 mg/day (HR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.60-0.78). Subgroup analyses showed that caffeine may have different effects on all-cause mortality among different age and body mass index (BMI) groups. In conclusion, higher caffeine intake was associated with lower all-cause and CVD mortality.
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