ArticleJMIR cardio2021
Effects of Urban Green Space on Cardiovascular and Respiratory Biomarkers in Chinese Adults: Panel Study Using Digital Tracking Devices.
Article in JMIR cardio, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Neighborhood Greenspace Enhances Cardiopulmonary Function in Healthy Older Adults: A Multiomics Analysis from the BAPE Study.Environment & health (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Article
- Bidirectional effect modification of greenness exposure and air pollution on ischemic stroke mortality across different temporal scales.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Protection of Pine Barrens Habitat on Federal Lands: A Case Study Using the Department of Energy's Brookhaven National Laboratory.EcoHealth · 2025Article
- How do taxi drivers expose to fine particulate matter (PMInternational journal of health geographics · 2024Article
- Greenness exposure: beneficial but multidimensional.Breathe (Sheffield, England) · 2023Review
- Green spaces and the impact on cognitive frailty: a scoping review.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe health benefits of urban green space have been widely reported in the literature; however, the biological mechanisms remain unexplored, and a causal relationship cannot be established between green space exposure and cardiorespiratory health.
objectiveOur aim was to conduct a panel study using personal tracking devices to continuously collect individual exposure data from healthy Chinese adults aged 50 to 64 years living in Hong Kong.
methodsA panel of cardiorespiratory biomarkers was tested each week for a period of 5 consecutive weeks. Data on weekly exposure to green space, air pollution, and the physical activities of individual participants were collected by personal tracking devices. The effects of green space exposure measured by the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) at buffer zones of 100, 250, and 500 meters on a panel of cardiorespiratory biomarkers were estimated by a generalized linear mixed-effects model, with adjustment for confounding variables of sociodemographic characteristics, exposure to air pollutants and noise, exercise, and nutrient intake.
resultsA total of 39 participants (mean age 56.4 years, range 50-63 years) were recruited and followed up for 5 consecutive weeks. After adjustment for sex, income, occupation, physical activities, dietary intake, noise, and air pollution, significant negative associations with the NDVI for the 250-meter buffer zone were found in total cholesterol (-21.6% per IQR increase in NDVI, 95% CI -32.7% to -10.6%), low-density lipoprotein (-14.9%, 95% CI -23.4% to -6.4%), glucose (-11.2%, 95% CI -21.9% to -0.5%), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (-41.3%, 95% CI -81.7% to -0.9%). Similar effect estimates were found for the 100-meter and 250-meter buffer zones. After adjustment for multiple testing, the effect estimates of glucose and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein were no longer significant.
conclusionsThe health benefits of green space can be found in some metabolic and inflammatory biomarkers. Further studies are warranted to establish the causal relationship between green space and cardiorespiratory health.
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