ArticleFrontiers in endocrinology2021
Individual and Combined Associations of Glucose Metabolic Components With Cognitive Function Modified by Obesity.
Article in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of antidiabetic drugs in Alzheimer´s disease: a systematic review of preclinical and clinical studies.Molecular neurodegeneration · 2025Pooled it
- Article
- Impact of metformin use on neurocognitive functions in older people: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Dementia & neuropsychologia · 2026Review
- Metformin Ameliorates Early Brain Injury After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Via Improving Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Mitochondrial Stress-Mediated CaMolecular neurobiology · 2025Article
- The Role of the Gut Microbiome Dysbiosis in Metabolic Dysfunction: A Mini Review.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- The obesity paradox in cognitive decline: Impact of BMI dynamics and APOE genotypes across various cognitive status.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2025Article
- Combined impact of neutrophil-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (NHR) and cognitive function on all-cause mortality in older adults: a population-based study.Lipids in health and disease · 2025Article
- Triglyceride-glucose index and mortality risks in Helicobacter pylori-infected patients: a national cohort study.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Understanding Cognitive Decline in Aging: Mechanisms and Mitigation Strategies - A Narrative Review.Clinical interventions in aging · 2025Review
- Metformin, Cognitive Function, and Changes in the Gut Microbiome.Endocrine reviews · 2024Review
- Identification of IGF-1 Effects on White Adipose Tissue and Hippocampus in Alzheimer's Disease Mice via Transcriptomic and Cellular Analysis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- The Triglyceride-Glucose Index Is Associated with Longitudinal Cognitive Decline in a Middle-Aged to Elderly Population: A Cohort Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- 4-Chloro-1,2-phenylenediamine induced structural perturbation and genotoxic aggregation in human serum albumin.Frontiers in chemistry · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
16 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Aim: We aimed to detect the individual and combined effect of glucose metabolic components on cognitive function in particular domains among older adults. Methods: Data of 2,925 adults aged over 60 years from the 2011 to 2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were analyzed. Individuals' cognitive function was evaluated using the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST), the Animal Fluency Test (AF), the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease Immediate Recall (CERAD-IR), and CERAD Delayed Recall (CERAD-DR). Participants' glucose metabolic health status was determined based on fasting plasma glucose, insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), glycated hemoglobin (HbA Results: CERAD-IR was significantly associated with HOMA-IR and insulin. HbA Conclusions: Our findings support the associations of insulin resistance and glycemic level with cognitive function in key domains, especially among adults without obesity. There is a positive association between metformin use and cognition.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.