ReviewClinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research2022
B Cells and Tertiary Lymphoid Structures: Friends or Foes in Cancer Immunotherapy?
Review in Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 98 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
98 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 123 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- The soldiers needed to be awakened: Tumor-infiltrating immune cells.Frontiers in genetics · 2022Pooled it
- The Presence of Tertiary Lymphoid Structures Provides New Insight Into the Clinicopathological Features and Prognosis of Patients With Breast Cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- Epigenetic priming enhances antitumor immunity in platinum-resistant ovarian cancer.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2022Trial
- Asynchronous Evolution of Epithelium and Stroma Differentiates Precursor Lesions from Pancreatic Cancer.Cancer discovery · 2026Article
- Ineffectiveness of immune checkpoint inhibitors in prostate cancer: is it just a question of '-mabs'?The Journal of pathology · 2026Review
- Tertiary lymphoid structures in cancer: their development, composition, clinical prognosis, and the drivers of the anti-tumor responses.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Review
- Review
- Effect of Tertiary Lymphoid Structures on Immune Cell Infiltration in the Tumor Microenvironment and Prognosis in Lung Adenocarcinoma.Cancer medicine · 2026Article
- Immune-related pathologic response (irPR) features and immunotherapeutic response score (ITRS) predict survival following neoadjuvant/conversion combined immunotherapy in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology · 2026Article
- Tertiary lymphoid structures in neuroinflammation coordinate neuroimmune homeostasis and pathological progression.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Review
- Tumor-draining lymph nodes shape the tumor microenvironment through enrichment of tumor-reactive effector-exhausted CD8Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Article
- The future of tertiary lymphoid structures in cancer immunotherapy as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.Nature cancer · 2026Article
- Regulatory B-cell states in NSCLC immunotherapy resistance: mechanisms, spatial context and translational implications.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2026Review
- Prognostic value of tertiary lymphoid structures in locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma treated with neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy: a retrospective study.Journal of cardiothoracic surgery · 2026Article
- Pan-cancer spatial atlas of tertiary lymphoid structures.Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2026Article
- scSurvival: Single-Cell Survival Analysis of Clinical Cancer Cohort Data at Cellular Resolution.Cancer discovery · 2026Article
- Redefining oropharyngeal cancer in the HPV era: integrating precision medicine and immunotherapeutic frontiers.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2026Review
- Dynamic changes in peripheral B and NK cells reflect treatment response in breast cancer subtypes.Discover oncology · 2026Article
- Single-cell and spatial transcriptomic analysis reveals PAX5's role and regulatory mechanisms in gastric adenocarcinoma lymph node metastasis.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
38 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Tumor cells pose a challenge to the adaptive immune system, and its key cell types, T and B cells, have frequently been associated with an improved prognosis. The success of immune checkpoint blockade has confirmed the relevance of T cells. However, the role of B cells is increasingly recognized, and highlighted in this review. Recent data suggest that tumors contain a diverse set of B cells reflecting different developmental states and exerting functions such as antigen presentation, antibody production, and regulatory effects. Further, B cells are frequently located in tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS), which are immune cell niches that sustain an immune response at sites of chronic inflammation. TLSs in tumors display substantial heterogeneity, ranging from cell aggregates to mature structures with an active germinal center. Recent studies have provided insights into initiation, cellular and spatial composition, and function of TLS in a variety of cancer types; however, several critical issues still need to be resolved. Currently, initial reports are discerning the role of TLSs in immunotherapy, with the majority of studies observing TLSs to confer favorable patient outcome. Finally, TLS induction in tumors is evaluated, with the therapeutic aim to reactivate the host immune response.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.