ArticleBMC health services research2021
Economic consequences of caesarean section delivery: evidence from a household survey in Tanzania.
Article in BMC health services research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- The efficacy and safety of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols in cesarean delivery: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Archives of gynecology and obstetrics · 2026Pooled it
- Prevalence, socio-demographic, obstetric, nutritional and birth factors associated with C-section among mothers attending primary health care facilities in selected councils of Njombe Region, Tanzania; Facility based cross-sectional analytical study.Maternal health, neonatology and perinatology · 2026Article
- Prevalence of obstetric fistula: a systematic review and meta-analysis of available evidence from 38 countries.Irish journal of medical science · 2026Review
- Beyond the scar: a qualitative study on the physical, psychosocial and economic impacts of caesarean section in Keonjhar District of Odisha.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Article
- Random-effects modelling of timely initiation of breastfeeding in Tanzania: What predicts the practice?BMJ open · 2026Article
- Caesarean deliveries and double burden of malnutrition: a multicountry analysis in South and Southeast Asia.Journal of public health (Oxford, England) · 2025Article
- Prevalence and determinants of caesarean sections among women in selected health facilities in Njombe region, Tanzania.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Prevalence and associated factors of caesarean section delivery: analysis from the Nepal Demographic and Health Survey 2022.BMJ open · 2025Article
- Disclosing possible nonmedically indicated cesarean sections in 5 high-volume urban maternity units in Tanzania: a criterion-based clinical audit.AJOG global reports · 2025Article
- Avoidable severe morbidity from wound dehiscence after cesarean section: Practice and experience from a tertiary referral hospital in a low-income setting, Tanzania-a mixed-methods study.Frontiers in surgery · 2025Article
- Timing of cesarean section for prolonged labor in urban Tanzania: A criterion-based audit.AJOG global reports · 2024Article
- Out of pocket expenditure and distress financing on cesarean delivery in India: evidence from NFHS-5.BMC health services research · 2023Article
- Article
- Global increased cesarean section rates and public health implications: A call to action.Health science reports · 2023Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCaesarean section (C-section) delivery is an important indicator of access to life-saving essential obstetric care. Yet, there is limited understanding of the costs of utilising C-section delivery care in sub-Saharan Africa. Thus, we estimated the direct and indirect patient cost of accessing C-section in Tanzania.
methodsCross-sectional survey data of 2012 was used, which covered 3000 households from 11 districts in three regions. We interviewed women who had given births in the last 12 months before the survey to capture their experience of care. We used a regression model to estimate the effect of C-section on costs, while the degree of inequality on C-section coverage was assessed with a concentration index.
resultsC-section increased the likelihood of paying for health care by 16% compared to normal delivery. The additional cost of C-section compared to normal delivery was 20 USD, but reduced to about 11 USD when restricted to public facilities. Women with C-section delivery spent an extra 2 days at the health facility compared to normal delivery, but this was reduced slightly to 1.9 days in public facilities. The distribution of C-section coverage was significantly in favour of wealthier than poorest women (CI = 0.2052, p < 0.01), and this pro-rich pattern was consistent in rural districts but with unclear pattern in urban districts.
conclusionsC-section is a life-saving intervention but is associated with significant economic burden especially among the poor families. More health resources are needed for provision of free maternal care, reduce inequality in access and improve birth outcomes in Tanzania.
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