Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34965579›Full record

ArticleCerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)2022

Lateral prefrontal cortex is a hub for music production from structural rules to movements.

Roberta Bianco, Giacomo Novembre, Hanna Ringer, Natalie Kohler, Peter E Keller, Arno Villringer, Daniela Sammler

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Listening to a Consonant Chord Progression during Live Face-to-Face Gaze Enhances Neural Activity in Social Systems.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2026
    Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Roberta BiancoUCL Ear Institute, University College London, London WC1X 8EE, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-9613-8933
Giacomo NovembreNeuroscience of Perception and Action Lab, Italian Institute of Technology (IIT), Rome 00161, Italy.
Hanna RingerOtto Hahn Research Group Neural Bases of Intonation in Speech and Music, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig 04103, Germany.
Natalie KohlerOtto Hahn Research Group Neural Bases of Intonation in Speech and Music, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig 04103, Germany.
Peter E KellerDepartment of Clinical Medicine, Center for Music in the Brain, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark.
Arno VillringerOtto Hahn Research Group Neural Bases of Intonation in Speech and Music, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig 04103, Germany.
Daniela SammlerOtto Hahn Research Group Neural Bases of Intonation in Speech and Music, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig 04103, Germany.ORCID 0000-0001-7458-0229

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Complex sequential behaviors, such as speaking or playing music, entail flexible rule-based chaining of single acts. However, it remains unclear how the brain translates abstract structural rules into movements. We combined music production with multimodal neuroimaging to dissociate high-level structural and low-level motor planning. Pianists played novel musical chord sequences on a muted MR-compatible piano by imitating a model hand on screen. Chord sequences were manipulated in terms of musical harmony and context length to assess structural planning, and in terms of fingers used for playing to assess motor planning. A model of probabilistic sequence processing confirmed temporally extended dependencies between chords, as opposed to local dependencies between movements. Violations of structural plans activated the left inferior frontal and middle temporal gyrus, and the fractional anisotropy of the ventral pathway connecting these two regions positively predicted behavioral measures of structural planning. A bilateral frontoparietal network was instead activated by violations of motor plans. Both structural and motor networks converged in lateral prefrontal cortex, with anterior regions contributing to musical structure building, and posterior areas to movement planning. These results establish a promising approach to study sequence production at different levels of action representation.

Indexed as

MusicBrainHandMovementPrefrontal Cortexaction hierarchyinferior frontal gyrusmotor sequencesmusical syntaxpredictive coding

Identifiers

PMID34965579
PMCPMC9476625

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.