Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34965418›Full record

ArticleCell reports2021

Orally acquired cyclic dinucleotides drive dSTING-dependent antiviral immunity in enterocytes.

Elisha Segrist, Mark Dittmar, Beth Gold, Sara Cherry

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Cell reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
13citing papers in PubMed
1.0field-weighted citation impact, top 20% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

13 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. The Gut Microbiota ofMicroorganisms · 2025
    Review
  4. Article
  5. Host-Microbe Interactions in Drosophila Cancer.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2025
    Review
  6. Article
  7. Evolutionary immunology to explore original antiviral strategies.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2024
    Review
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Review
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Frontiers in microbiology · 2022
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Elisha SegristDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Mark DittmarDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Beth GoldDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Sara CherryDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. Electronic address: cherrys@pennmedicine.upenn.edu.
University of Pennsylvania · US

Funding

TRAINING IN VIROLOGYT32AI007324 · NIAID · WISTAR INSTITUTE · PI Paul Bates, Matthew D. Weitzman · 1989 to 2026
$6.8M
The role of pattern recognition and autophagy in innate anti-bunyaviral immunityR01AI150246 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI CHERRY, SARA · 2019 to 2023
$3.5M
Defining the functional interface between the ER and flavivirusesR01AI140539 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI CHERRY, SARA, DIAMOND, MICHAEL S · 2018 to 2022
$3.0M
Defining the role of microbiota-derived cyclic dinucleotides in priming antiviral immune defenses.R01AI152362 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI CHERRY, SARA · 2020 to 2024
$2.0M
Antiviral immunity in the gut: how the intestinal epithelium and microbiota regulate infectionR01AI122749 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI CHERRY, SARA · 2016 to 2020
$2.0M
Investigating the Antiviral Role of STING During Enteric RNA Virus Infection in DrosophilaF31AI147415 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI SEGRIST, ELISHA · 2019 to 2021
$106k
NIAID NIH HHS F31 AI147415NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI122749NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI140539NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI150246NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI152362NIAID NIH HHS T32 AI007324
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Enteric pathogens overcome barrier immunity within the intestinal environment that includes the endogenous flora. The microbiota produces diverse ligands, and the full spectrum of microbial products that are sensed by the epithelium and prime protective immunity is unknown. Using Drosophila, we find that the gut presents a high barrier to infection, which is partially due to signals from the microbiota, as loss of the microbiota enhances oral viral infection. We report cyclic dinucleotide (CDN) feeding is sufficient to protect microbiota-deficient flies from enhanced oral infection, suggesting that bacterial-derived CDNs induce immunity. Mechanistically, we find CDN protection is dSTING- and dTBK1-dependent, leading to NF-kB-dependent gene expression. Furthermore, we identify the apical nucleoside transporter, CNT2, as required for oral CDN protection. Altogether, our studies define a role for bacterial products in priming immune defenses in the gut.

Indexed as

Alphavirus InfectionsAnimalsAntiviral AgentsDrosophila melanogasterEnterocytesFemaleImmunity, InnateMembrane ProteinsMembrane Transport ProteinsNF-kappa BNucleotides, CyclicProtein Serine-Threonine KinasesSindbis VirusAntiviral Agentscif nucleoside transporterMembrane ProteinsMembrane Transport ProteinsNF-kappa BNucleotides, CyclicProtein Serine-Threonine KinasesantiviralcGAMPcyclic dinucleotidesDrosophilaimmunityintestineNFkBSTINGvirus

Identifiers

PMID34965418
PMCPMC8771144
OpenAlexW4200531922

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.