Trial reportThe New England journal of medicine2021
Dolutegravir as First- or Second-Line Treatment for HIV-1 Infection in Children.
Registry-linked trialOpen access · greenAbstract readComparative StudyEquivalence TrialMulticenter Study
In one paragraph
Trial report in The New England journal of medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02259127 (A Randomised Trial of Dolutegravir), which is not on this map. Cited by 78 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
78citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
4.9field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Randomised Trial of Dolutegravir (DTG)-Based Antiretroviral Therapy vs. Standard of Care (SOC) in Children With HIV Infection Starting First-line or Switching to Second-line ART
Who cites it
78 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 111 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effectiveness and safety of darunavir and lopinavir for treating children and adolescents living with HIV: a systematic review.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Pooled it
- Effectiveness and safety of dolutegravir and raltegravir for treating children and adolescents living with HIV: a systematic review.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2022Pooled it
- Predictors of Treatment Failure in Children With HIV Starting First-line Antiretroviral Therapy in the ODYSSEY Trial.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2026Trial
- Dolutegravir as First- or Second-line Treatment for Children With HIV: 240-Week Follow-up of the ODYSSEY Randomized Trial.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Trial
- HIV drug resistance amongst children and adolescents with viraemia in Lesotho and Tanzania: a nested analysis in the GIVE MOVE trial.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2026Trial
- Trial
- Efficacy, Safety and Tolerability of Dispersible and Immediate Release Abacavir/Dolutegravir/Lamivudine Tablets in Children With HIV: IMPAACT 2019 Week 48 Results.The Pediatric infectious disease journal · 2025Trial
- Second-Line Antiretroviral Therapy for Children Living with HIV in Africa.The New England journal of medicine · 2025Trial
- Pharmacokinetics and safety of dolutegravir in children receiving rifampicin tuberculosis treatment in South Africa (ORCHID): a prospective cohort study.The lancet. HIV · 2025Trial
- D3/Penta 21 clinical trial design: A randomised non-inferiority trial with nested drug licensing substudy to assess dolutegravir and lamivudine fixed dose formulations for the maintenance of virological suppression in children with HIV-1 infection, aged 2 to 15 years.Contemporary clinical trials · 2024Trial
- Twice-Daily Dosing of Dolutegravir in Infants on Rifampicin Treatment: A Pharmacokinetic Substudy of the EMPIRICAL Trial.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2024Trial
- Trial
- Neuropsychiatric manifestations and sleep disturbances with dolutegravir-based antiretroviral therapy versus standard of care in children and adolescents: a secondary analysis of the ODYSSEY trial.The Lancet. Child & adolescent health · 2023Trial
- First Pharmacokinetic Data of Tenofovir Alafenamide Fumarate and Tenofovir With Dolutegravir or Boosted Protease Inhibitors in African Children: A Substudy of the CHAPAS-4 Trial.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2023Trial
- Effect of dolutegravir on folate, vitamin B12 and mean corpuscular volume levels among children and adolescents with HIV: a sub-study of the ODYSSEY randomized controlled trial.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2023Trial
- Once-daily dolutegravir-based antiretroviral therapy in infants and children living with HIV from age 4 weeks: results from the below 14 kg cohort in the randomised ODYSSEY trial.The lancet. HIV · 2022Trial
- Dolutegravir twice-daily dosing in children with HIV-associated tuberculosis: a pharmacokinetic and safety study within the open-label, multicentre, randomised, non-inferiority ODYSSEY trial.The lancet. HIV · 2022Trial
- Use of Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors Among Children Living With HIV in Latin America and the Caribbean.The Pediatric infectious disease journal · 2026Article
- Risk factors associated with adverse metabolic health in youth with perinatally acquired HIV living in the United Kingdom.AIDS (London, England) · 2026Observational
- Simulation-Based Predictions to Support the Development of a Pediatric Fixed-Dose Combination of Dolutegravir/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide Fumarate.Clinical pharmacokinetics · 2026Review
18 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
46 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Anna TurkovaFrom the Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit at University College London, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology (A.T., E.W., S.A., T.S., B.W., C.S., D.F., D.M.G.), the University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (N.K.), and the Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (S.B.), London, and Heartlands Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham (S.B.W.) - all in the United Kingdom; the University of Zimbabwe, Harare (H.A.M., M.B.-D., G.M.); Baylor College of Medicine, Fort Portal (A.R.K., P.A., D.B.), the Joint Clinical Research Center, Mbarara (A. Lugemwa, S.M., L.A.), and the Joint Clinical Research Center (C.M.K., E.K., V.M.), Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration (P.M., L.B.-M., G.M.A.), and Makerere University (V.M.), Kampala - all in Uganda; the Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (A.V., N.R., E.V., A. Liberty), the Family Centre for Research with Ubuntu, the Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg (M.F.C.), the Department of Paediatrics and Children Health, King Edward VIII Hospital, University of KwaZulu-Natal (M.A.), and the Africa Health Research Institute (O.B., N.K.), Durban - all in South Africa; the Program for HIV Prevention and Treatment-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement Research Unit, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai (T.R.C., S.C.), the Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University (T.P.), and HIV-NAT (HIV Netherlands Australia Thailand Research Collaboration), Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Center, Bangkok (T.P.), and Prapokklao Hospital, Chanthaburi (C.N.) - all in Thailand; the First Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (R.K.); the Department of Pharmacy, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (A. Colbers); the School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney (S.B.); INSERM-ANRS SC10-US019, Essais Thérapeutiques et Maladies Infectieuses, Villejuif, France (Y.S., A. Coelho, A. Compagnucci); the Penta Foundation (T.G., C.G.), and the Department of Women and Child Health, University of Padua (C.G.) - both in Padua, Italy; and the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid (P.R.).
Ellen WhiteFrom the Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit at University College London, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology (A.T., E.W., S.A., T.S., B.W., C.S., D.F., D.M.G.), the University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (N.K.), and the Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (S.B.), London, and Heartlands Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham (S.B.W.) - all in the United Kingdom; the University of Zimbabwe, Harare (H.A.M., M.B.-D., G.M.); Baylor College of Medicine, Fort Portal (A.R.K., P.A., D.B.), the Joint Clinical Research Center, Mbarara (A. Lugemwa, S.M., L.A.), and the Joint Clinical Research Center (C.M.K., E.K., V.M.), Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration (P.M., L.B.-M., G.M.A.), and Makerere University (V.M.), Kampala - all in Uganda; the Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (A.V., N.R., E.V., A. Liberty), the Family Centre for Research with Ubuntu, the Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg (M.F.C.), the Department of Paediatrics and Children Health, King Edward VIII Hospital, University of KwaZulu-Natal (M.A.), and the Africa Health Research Institute (O.B., N.K.), Durban - all in South Africa; the Program for HIV Prevention and Treatment-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement Research Unit, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai (T.R.C., S.C.), the Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University (T.P.), and HIV-NAT (HIV Netherlands Australia Thailand Research Collaboration), Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Center, Bangkok (T.P.), and Prapokklao Hospital, Chanthaburi (C.N.) - all in Thailand; the First Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (R.K.); the Department of Pharmacy, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (A. Colbers); the School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney (S.B.); INSERM-ANRS SC10-US019, Essais Thérapeutiques et Maladies Infectieuses, Villejuif, France (Y.S., A. Coelho, A. Compagnucci); the Penta Foundation (T.G., C.G.), and the Department of Women and Child Health, University of Padua (C.G.) - both in Padua, Italy; and the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid (P.R.).
Hilda A MujuruFrom the Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit at University College London, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology (A.T., E.W., S.A., T.S., B.W., C.S., D.F., D.M.G.), the University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (N.K.), and the Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (S.B.), London, and Heartlands Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham (S.B.W.) - all in the United Kingdom; the University of Zimbabwe, Harare (H.A.M., M.B.-D., G.M.); Baylor College of Medicine, Fort Portal (A.R.K., P.A., D.B.), the Joint Clinical Research Center, Mbarara (A. Lugemwa, S.M., L.A.), and the Joint Clinical Research Center (C.M.K., E.K., V.M.), Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration (P.M., L.B.-M., G.M.A.), and Makerere University (V.M.), Kampala - all in Uganda; the Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (A.V., N.R., E.V., A. Liberty), the Family Centre for Research with Ubuntu, the Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg (M.F.C.), the Department of Paediatrics and Children Health, King Edward VIII Hospital, University of KwaZulu-Natal (M.A.), and the Africa Health Research Institute (O.B., N.K.), Durban - all in South Africa; the Program for HIV Prevention and Treatment-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement Research Unit, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai (T.R.C., S.C.), the Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University (T.P.), and HIV-NAT (HIV Netherlands Australia Thailand Research Collaboration), Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Center, Bangkok (T.P.), and Prapokklao Hospital, Chanthaburi (C.N.) - all in Thailand; the First Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (R.K.); the Department of Pharmacy, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (A. Colbers); the School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney (S.B.); INSERM-ANRS SC10-US019, Essais Thérapeutiques et Maladies Infectieuses, Villejuif, France (Y.S., A. Coelho, A. Compagnucci); the Penta Foundation (T.G., C.G.), and the Department of Women and Child Health, University of Padua (C.G.) - both in Padua, Italy; and the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid (P.R.).
Adeodata R KekitiinwaFrom the Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit at University College London, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology (A.T., E.W., S.A., T.S., B.W., C.S., D.F., D.M.G.), the University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (N.K.), and the Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (S.B.), London, and Heartlands Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham (S.B.W.) - all in the United Kingdom; the University of Zimbabwe, Harare (H.A.M., M.B.-D., G.M.); Baylor College of Medicine, Fort Portal (A.R.K., P.A., D.B.), the Joint Clinical Research Center, Mbarara (A. Lugemwa, S.M., L.A.), and the Joint Clinical Research Center (C.M.K., E.K., V.M.), Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration (P.M., L.B.-M., G.M.A.), and Makerere University (V.M.), Kampala - all in Uganda; the Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (A.V., N.R., E.V., A. Liberty), the Family Centre for Research with Ubuntu, the Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg (M.F.C.), the Department of Paediatrics and Children Health, King Edward VIII Hospital, University of KwaZulu-Natal (M.A.), and the Africa Health Research Institute (O.B., N.K.), Durban - all in South Africa; the Program for HIV Prevention and Treatment-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement Research Unit, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai (T.R.C., S.C.), the Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University (T.P.), and HIV-NAT (HIV Netherlands Australia Thailand Research Collaboration), Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Center, Bangkok (T.P.), and Prapokklao Hospital, Chanthaburi (C.N.) - all in Thailand; the First Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (R.K.); the Department of Pharmacy, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (A. Colbers); the School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney (S.B.); INSERM-ANRS SC10-US019, Essais Thérapeutiques et Maladies Infectieuses, Villejuif, France (Y.S., A. Coelho, A. Compagnucci); the Penta Foundation (T.G., C.G.), and the Department of Women and Child Health, University of Padua (C.G.) - both in Padua, Italy; and the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid (P.R.).
Cissy M KityoFrom the Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit at University College London, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology (A.T., E.W., S.A., T.S., B.W., C.S., D.F., D.M.G.), the University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (N.K.), and the Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (S.B.), London, and Heartlands Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham (S.B.W.) - all in the United Kingdom; the University of Zimbabwe, Harare (H.A.M., M.B.-D., G.M.); Baylor College of Medicine, Fort Portal (A.R.K., P.A., D.B.), the Joint Clinical Research Center, Mbarara (A. Lugemwa, S.M., L.A.), and the Joint Clinical Research Center (C.M.K., E.K., V.M.), Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration (P.M., L.B.-M., G.M.A.), and Makerere University (V.M.), Kampala - all in Uganda; the Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (A.V., N.R., E.V., A. Liberty), the Family Centre for Research with Ubuntu, the Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg (M.F.C.), the Department of Paediatrics and Children Health, King Edward VIII Hospital, University of KwaZulu-Natal (M.A.), and the Africa Health Research Institute (O.B., N.K.), Durban - all in South Africa; the Program for HIV Prevention and Treatment-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement Research Unit, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai (T.R.C., S.C.), the Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University (T.P.), and HIV-NAT (HIV Netherlands Australia Thailand Research Collaboration), Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Center, Bangkok (T.P.), and Prapokklao Hospital, Chanthaburi (C.N.) - all in Thailand; the First Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (R.K.); the Department of Pharmacy, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (A. Colbers); the School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney (S.B.); INSERM-ANRS SC10-US019, Essais Thérapeutiques et Maladies Infectieuses, Villejuif, France (Y.S., A. Coelho, A. Compagnucci); the Penta Foundation (T.G., C.G.), and the Department of Women and Child Health, University of Padua (C.G.) - both in Padua, Italy; and the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid (P.R.).
Avy ViolariFrom the Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit at University College London, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology (A.T., E.W., S.A., T.S., B.W., C.S., D.F., D.M.G.), the University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (N.K.), and the Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (S.B.), London, and Heartlands Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham (S.B.W.) - all in the United Kingdom; the University of Zimbabwe, Harare (H.A.M., M.B.-D., G.M.); Baylor College of Medicine, Fort Portal (A.R.K., P.A., D.B.), the Joint Clinical Research Center, Mbarara (A. Lugemwa, S.M., L.A.), and the Joint Clinical Research Center (C.M.K., E.K., V.M.), Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration (P.M., L.B.-M., G.M.A.), and Makerere University (V.M.), Kampala - all in Uganda; the Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (A.V., N.R., E.V., A. Liberty), the Family Centre for Research with Ubuntu, the Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg (M.F.C.), the Department of Paediatrics and Children Health, King Edward VIII Hospital, University of KwaZulu-Natal (M.A.), and the Africa Health Research Institute (O.B., N.K.), Durban - all in South Africa; the Program for HIV Prevention and Treatment-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement Research Unit, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai (T.R.C., S.C.), the Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University (T.P.), and HIV-NAT (HIV Netherlands Australia Thailand Research Collaboration), Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Center, Bangkok (T.P.), and Prapokklao Hospital, Chanthaburi (C.N.) - all in Thailand; the First Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (R.K.); the Department of Pharmacy, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (A. Colbers); the School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney (S.B.); INSERM-ANRS SC10-US019, Essais Thérapeutiques et Maladies Infectieuses, Villejuif, France (Y.S., A. Coelho, A. Compagnucci); the Penta Foundation (T.G., C.G.), and the Department of Women and Child Health, University of Padua (C.G.) - both in Padua, Italy; and the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid (P.R.).
Abbas LugemwaFrom the Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit at University College London, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology (A.T., E.W., S.A., T.S., B.W., C.S., D.F., D.M.G.), the University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (N.K.), and the Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (S.B.), London, and Heartlands Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham (S.B.W.) - all in the United Kingdom; the University of Zimbabwe, Harare (H.A.M., M.B.-D., G.M.); Baylor College of Medicine, Fort Portal (A.R.K., P.A., D.B.), the Joint Clinical Research Center, Mbarara (A. Lugemwa, S.M., L.A.), and the Joint Clinical Research Center (C.M.K., E.K., V.M.), Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration (P.M., L.B.-M., G.M.A.), and Makerere University (V.M.), Kampala - all in Uganda; the Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (A.V., N.R., E.V., A. Liberty), the Family Centre for Research with Ubuntu, the Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg (M.F.C.), the Department of Paediatrics and Children Health, King Edward VIII Hospital, University of KwaZulu-Natal (M.A.), and the Africa Health Research Institute (O.B., N.K.), Durban - all in South Africa; the Program for HIV Prevention and Treatment-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement Research Unit, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai (T.R.C., S.C.), the Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University (T.P.), and HIV-NAT (HIV Netherlands Australia Thailand Research Collaboration), Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Center, Bangkok (T.P.), and Prapokklao Hospital, Chanthaburi (C.N.) - all in Thailand; the First Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (R.K.); the Department of Pharmacy, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (A. Colbers); the School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney (S.B.); INSERM-ANRS SC10-US019, Essais Thérapeutiques et Maladies Infectieuses, Villejuif, France (Y.S., A. Coelho, A. Compagnucci); the Penta Foundation (T.G., C.G.), and the Department of Women and Child Health, University of Padua (C.G.) - both in Padua, Italy; and the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid (P.R.).
Tim R CresseyFrom the Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit at University College London, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology (A.T., E.W., S.A., T.S., B.W., C.S., D.F., D.M.G.), the University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (N.K.), and the Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (S.B.), London, and Heartlands Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham (S.B.W.) - all in the United Kingdom; the University of Zimbabwe, Harare (H.A.M., M.B.-D., G.M.); Baylor College of Medicine, Fort Portal (A.R.K., P.A., D.B.), the Joint Clinical Research Center, Mbarara (A. Lugemwa, S.M., L.A.), and the Joint Clinical Research Center (C.M.K., E.K., V.M.), Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration (P.M., L.B.-M., G.M.A.), and Makerere University (V.M.), Kampala - all in Uganda; the Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (A.V., N.R., E.V., A. Liberty), the Family Centre for Research with Ubuntu, the Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg (M.F.C.), the Department of Paediatrics and Children Health, King Edward VIII Hospital, University of KwaZulu-Natal (M.A.), and the Africa Health Research Institute (O.B., N.K.), Durban - all in South Africa; the Program for HIV Prevention and Treatment-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement Research Unit, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai (T.R.C., S.C.), the Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University (T.P.), and HIV-NAT (HIV Netherlands Australia Thailand Research Collaboration), Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Center, Bangkok (T.P.), and Prapokklao Hospital, Chanthaburi (C.N.) - all in Thailand; the First Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (R.K.); the Department of Pharmacy, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (A. Colbers); the School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney (S.B.); INSERM-ANRS SC10-US019, Essais Thérapeutiques et Maladies Infectieuses, Villejuif, France (Y.S., A. Coelho, A. Compagnucci); the Penta Foundation (T.G., C.G.), and the Department of Women and Child Health, University of Padua (C.G.) - both in Padua, Italy; and the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid (P.R.).
Philippa MusokeFrom the Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit at University College London, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology (A.T., E.W., S.A., T.S., B.W., C.S., D.F., D.M.G.), the University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (N.K.), and the Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (S.B.), London, and Heartlands Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham (S.B.W.) - all in the United Kingdom; the University of Zimbabwe, Harare (H.A.M., M.B.-D., G.M.); Baylor College of Medicine, Fort Portal (A.R.K., P.A., D.B.), the Joint Clinical Research Center, Mbarara (A. Lugemwa, S.M., L.A.), and the Joint Clinical Research Center (C.M.K., E.K., V.M.), Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration (P.M., L.B.-M., G.M.A.), and Makerere University (V.M.), Kampala - all in Uganda; the Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (A.V., N.R., E.V., A. Liberty), the Family Centre for Research with Ubuntu, the Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg (M.F.C.), the Department of Paediatrics and Children Health, King Edward VIII Hospital, University of KwaZulu-Natal (M.A.), and the Africa Health Research Institute (O.B., N.K.), Durban - all in South Africa; the Program for HIV Prevention and Treatment-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement Research Unit, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai (T.R.C., S.C.), the Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University (T.P.), and HIV-NAT (HIV Netherlands Australia Thailand Research Collaboration), Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Center, Bangkok (T.P.), and Prapokklao Hospital, Chanthaburi (C.N.) - all in Thailand; the First Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (R.K.); the Department of Pharmacy, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (A. Colbers); the School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney (S.B.); INSERM-ANRS SC10-US019, Essais Thérapeutiques et Maladies Infectieuses, Villejuif, France (Y.S., A. Coelho, A. Compagnucci); the Penta Foundation (T.G., C.G.), and the Department of Women and Child Health, University of Padua (C.G.) - both in Padua, Italy; and the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid (P.R.).
Ebrahim VariavaFrom the Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit at University College London, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology (A.T., E.W., S.A., T.S., B.W., C.S., D.F., D.M.G.), the University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (N.K.), and the Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (S.B.), London, and Heartlands Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham (S.B.W.) - all in the United Kingdom; the University of Zimbabwe, Harare (H.A.M., M.B.-D., G.M.); Baylor College of Medicine, Fort Portal (A.R.K., P.A., D.B.), the Joint Clinical Research Center, Mbarara (A. Lugemwa, S.M., L.A.), and the Joint Clinical Research Center (C.M.K., E.K., V.M.), Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration (P.M., L.B.-M., G.M.A.), and Makerere University (V.M.), Kampala - all in Uganda; the Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (A.V., N.R., E.V., A. Liberty), the Family Centre for Research with Ubuntu, the Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg (M.F.C.), the Department of Paediatrics and Children Health, King Edward VIII Hospital, University of KwaZulu-Natal (M.A.), and the Africa Health Research Institute (O.B., N.K.), Durban - all in South Africa; the Program for HIV Prevention and Treatment-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement Research Unit, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai (T.R.C., S.C.), the Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University (T.P.), and HIV-NAT (HIV Netherlands Australia Thailand Research Collaboration), Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Center, Bangkok (T.P.), and Prapokklao Hospital, Chanthaburi (C.N.) - all in Thailand; the First Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (R.K.); the Department of Pharmacy, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (A. Colbers); the School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney (S.B.); INSERM-ANRS SC10-US019, Essais Thérapeutiques et Maladies Infectieuses, Villejuif, France (Y.S., A. Coelho, A. Compagnucci); the Penta Foundation (T.G., C.G.), and the Department of Women and Child Health, University of Padua (C.G.) - both in Padua, Italy; and the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid (P.R.).
Mark F CottonFrom the Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit at University College London, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology (A.T., E.W., S.A., T.S., B.W., C.S., D.F., D.M.G.), the University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (N.K.), and the Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (S.B.), London, and Heartlands Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham (S.B.W.) - all in the United Kingdom; the University of Zimbabwe, Harare (H.A.M., M.B.-D., G.M.); Baylor College of Medicine, Fort Portal (A.R.K., P.A., D.B.), the Joint Clinical Research Center, Mbarara (A. Lugemwa, S.M., L.A.), and the Joint Clinical Research Center (C.M.K., E.K., V.M.), Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration (P.M., L.B.-M., G.M.A.), and Makerere University (V.M.), Kampala - all in Uganda; the Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (A.V., N.R., E.V., A. Liberty), the Family Centre for Research with Ubuntu, the Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg (M.F.C.), the Department of Paediatrics and Children Health, King Edward VIII Hospital, University of KwaZulu-Natal (M.A.), and the Africa Health Research Institute (O.B., N.K.), Durban - all in South Africa; the Program for HIV Prevention and Treatment-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement Research Unit, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai (T.R.C., S.C.), the Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University (T.P.), and HIV-NAT (HIV Netherlands Australia Thailand Research Collaboration), Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Center, Bangkok (T.P.), and Prapokklao Hospital, Chanthaburi (C.N.) - all in Thailand; the First Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (R.K.); the Department of Pharmacy, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (A. Colbers); the School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney (S.B.); INSERM-ANRS SC10-US019, Essais Thérapeutiques et Maladies Infectieuses, Villejuif, France (Y.S., A. Coelho, A. Compagnucci); the Penta Foundation (T.G., C.G.), and the Department of Women and Child Health, University of Padua (C.G.) - both in Padua, Italy; and the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid (P.R.).
Moherndran ArcharyFrom the Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit at University College London, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology (A.T., E.W., S.A., T.S., B.W., C.S., D.F., D.M.G.), the University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (N.K.), and the Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (S.B.), London, and Heartlands Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham (S.B.W.) - all in the United Kingdom; the University of Zimbabwe, Harare (H.A.M., M.B.-D., G.M.); Baylor College of Medicine, Fort Portal (A.R.K., P.A., D.B.), the Joint Clinical Research Center, Mbarara (A. Lugemwa, S.M., L.A.), and the Joint Clinical Research Center (C.M.K., E.K., V.M.), Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration (P.M., L.B.-M., G.M.A.), and Makerere University (V.M.), Kampala - all in Uganda; the Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (A.V., N.R., E.V., A. Liberty), the Family Centre for Research with Ubuntu, the Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg (M.F.C.), the Department of Paediatrics and Children Health, King Edward VIII Hospital, University of KwaZulu-Natal (M.A.), and the Africa Health Research Institute (O.B., N.K.), Durban - all in South Africa; the Program for HIV Prevention and Treatment-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement Research Unit, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai (T.R.C., S.C.), the Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University (T.P.), and HIV-NAT (HIV Netherlands Australia Thailand Research Collaboration), Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Center, Bangkok (T.P.), and Prapokklao Hospital, Chanthaburi (C.N.) - all in Thailand; the First Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (R.K.); the Department of Pharmacy, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (A. Colbers); the School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney (S.B.); INSERM-ANRS SC10-US019, Essais Thérapeutiques et Maladies Infectieuses, Villejuif, France (Y.S., A. Coelho, A. Compagnucci); the Penta Foundation (T.G., C.G.), and the Department of Women and Child Health, University of Padua (C.G.) - both in Padua, Italy; and the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid (P.R.).
Thanyawee PuthanakitFrom the Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit at University College London, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology (A.T., E.W., S.A., T.S., B.W., C.S., D.F., D.M.G.), the University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (N.K.), and the Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (S.B.), London, and Heartlands Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham (S.B.W.) - all in the United Kingdom; the University of Zimbabwe, Harare (H.A.M., M.B.-D., G.M.); Baylor College of Medicine, Fort Portal (A.R.K., P.A., D.B.), the Joint Clinical Research Center, Mbarara (A. Lugemwa, S.M., L.A.), and the Joint Clinical Research Center (C.M.K., E.K., V.M.), Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration (P.M., L.B.-M., G.M.A.), and Makerere University (V.M.), Kampala - all in Uganda; the Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (A.V., N.R., E.V., A. Liberty), the Family Centre for Research with Ubuntu, the Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg (M.F.C.), the Department of Paediatrics and Children Health, King Edward VIII Hospital, University of KwaZulu-Natal (M.A.), and the Africa Health Research Institute (O.B., N.K.), Durban - all in South Africa; the Program for HIV Prevention and Treatment-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement Research Unit, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai (T.R.C., S.C.), the Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University (T.P.), and HIV-NAT (HIV Netherlands Australia Thailand Research Collaboration), Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Center, Bangkok (T.P.), and Prapokklao Hospital, Chanthaburi (C.N.) - all in Thailand; the First Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (R.K.); the Department of Pharmacy, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (A. Colbers); the School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney (S.B.); INSERM-ANRS SC10-US019, Essais Thérapeutiques et Maladies Infectieuses, Villejuif, France (Y.S., A. Coelho, A. Compagnucci); the Penta Foundation (T.G., C.G.), and the Department of Women and Child Health, University of Padua (C.G.) - both in Padua, Italy; and the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid (P.R.).
Osee BehuhumaFrom the Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit at University College London, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology (A.T., E.W., S.A., T.S., B.W., C.S., D.F., D.M.G.), the University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (N.K.), and the Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (S.B.), London, and Heartlands Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham (S.B.W.) - all in the United Kingdom; the University of Zimbabwe, Harare (H.A.M., M.B.-D., G.M.); Baylor College of Medicine, Fort Portal (A.R.K., P.A., D.B.), the Joint Clinical Research Center, Mbarara (A. Lugemwa, S.M., L.A.), and the Joint Clinical Research Center (C.M.K., E.K., V.M.), Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration (P.M., L.B.-M., G.M.A.), and Makerere University (V.M.), Kampala - all in Uganda; the Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (A.V., N.R., E.V., A. Liberty), the Family Centre for Research with Ubuntu, the Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg (M.F.C.), the Department of Paediatrics and Children Health, King Edward VIII Hospital, University of KwaZulu-Natal (M.A.), and the Africa Health Research Institute (O.B., N.K.), Durban - all in South Africa; the Program for HIV Prevention and Treatment-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement Research Unit, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai (T.R.C., S.C.), the Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University (T.P.), and HIV-NAT (HIV Netherlands Australia Thailand Research Collaboration), Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Center, Bangkok (T.P.), and Prapokklao Hospital, Chanthaburi (C.N.) - all in Thailand; the First Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (R.K.); the Department of Pharmacy, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (A. Colbers); the School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney (S.B.); INSERM-ANRS SC10-US019, Essais Thérapeutiques et Maladies Infectieuses, Villejuif, France (Y.S., A. Coelho, A. Compagnucci); the Penta Foundation (T.G., C.G.), and the Department of Women and Child Health, University of Padua (C.G.) - both in Padua, Italy; and the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid (P.R.).
Robin KobbeFrom the Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit at University College London, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology (A.T., E.W., S.A., T.S., B.W., C.S., D.F., D.M.G.), the University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (N.K.), and the Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (S.B.), London, and Heartlands Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham (S.B.W.) - all in the United Kingdom; the University of Zimbabwe, Harare (H.A.M., M.B.-D., G.M.); Baylor College of Medicine, Fort Portal (A.R.K., P.A., D.B.), the Joint Clinical Research Center, Mbarara (A. Lugemwa, S.M., L.A.), and the Joint Clinical Research Center (C.M.K., E.K., V.M.), Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration (P.M., L.B.-M., G.M.A.), and Makerere University (V.M.), Kampala - all in Uganda; the Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (A.V., N.R., E.V., A. Liberty), the Family Centre for Research with Ubuntu, the Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg (M.F.C.), the Department of Paediatrics and Children Health, King Edward VIII Hospital, University of KwaZulu-Natal (M.A.), and the Africa Health Research Institute (O.B., N.K.), Durban - all in South Africa; the Program for HIV Prevention and Treatment-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement Research Unit, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai (T.R.C., S.C.), the Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University (T.P.), and HIV-NAT (HIV Netherlands Australia Thailand Research Collaboration), Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Center, Bangkok (T.P.), and Prapokklao Hospital, Chanthaburi (C.N.) - all in Thailand; the First Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (R.K.); the Department of Pharmacy, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (A. Colbers); the School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney (S.B.); INSERM-ANRS SC10-US019, Essais Thérapeutiques et Maladies Infectieuses, Villejuif, France (Y.S., A. Coelho, A. Compagnucci); the Penta Foundation (T.G., C.G.), and the Department of Women and Child Health, University of Padua (C.G.) - both in Padua, Italy; and the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid (P.R.).
Steven B WelchFrom the Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit at University College London, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology (A.T., E.W., S.A., T.S., B.W., C.S., D.F., D.M.G.), the University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (N.K.), and the Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (S.B.), London, and Heartlands Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham (S.B.W.) - all in the United Kingdom; the University of Zimbabwe, Harare (H.A.M., M.B.-D., G.M.); Baylor College of Medicine, Fort Portal (A.R.K., P.A., D.B.), the Joint Clinical Research Center, Mbarara (A. Lugemwa, S.M., L.A.), and the Joint Clinical Research Center (C.M.K., E.K., V.M.), Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration (P.M., L.B.-M., G.M.A.), and Makerere University (V.M.), Kampala - all in Uganda; the Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (A.V., N.R., E.V., A. Liberty), the Family Centre for Research with Ubuntu, the Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg (M.F.C.), the Department of Paediatrics and Children Health, King Edward VIII Hospital, University of KwaZulu-Natal (M.A.), and the Africa Health Research Institute (O.B., N.K.), Durban - all in South Africa; the Program for HIV Prevention and Treatment-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement Research Unit, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai (T.R.C., S.C.), the Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University (T.P.), and HIV-NAT (HIV Netherlands Australia Thailand Research Collaboration), Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Center, Bangkok (T.P.), and Prapokklao Hospital, Chanthaburi (C.N.) - all in Thailand; the First Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (R.K.); the Department of Pharmacy, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (A. Colbers); the School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney (S.B.); INSERM-ANRS SC10-US019, Essais Thérapeutiques et Maladies Infectieuses, Villejuif, France (Y.S., A. Coelho, A. Compagnucci); the Penta Foundation (T.G., C.G.), and the Department of Women and Child Health, University of Padua (C.G.) - both in Padua, Italy; and the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid (P.R.).
Mutsa Bwakura-DangarembiziFrom the Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit at University College London, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology (A.T., E.W., S.A., T.S., B.W., C.S., D.F., D.M.G.), the University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (N.K.), and the Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (S.B.), London, and Heartlands Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham (S.B.W.) - all in the United Kingdom; the University of Zimbabwe, Harare (H.A.M., M.B.-D., G.M.); Baylor College of Medicine, Fort Portal (A.R.K., P.A., D.B.), the Joint Clinical Research Center, Mbarara (A. Lugemwa, S.M., L.A.), and the Joint Clinical Research Center (C.M.K., E.K., V.M.), Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration (P.M., L.B.-M., G.M.A.), and Makerere University (V.M.), Kampala - all in Uganda; the Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (A.V., N.R., E.V., A. Liberty), the Family Centre for Research with Ubuntu, the Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg (M.F.C.), the Department of Paediatrics and Children Health, King Edward VIII Hospital, University of KwaZulu-Natal (M.A.), and the Africa Health Research Institute (O.B., N.K.), Durban - all in South Africa; the Program for HIV Prevention and Treatment-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement Research Unit, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai (T.R.C., S.C.), the Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University (T.P.), and HIV-NAT (HIV Netherlands Australia Thailand Research Collaboration), Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Center, Bangkok (T.P.), and Prapokklao Hospital, Chanthaburi (C.N.) - all in Thailand; the First Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (R.K.); the Department of Pharmacy, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (A. Colbers); the School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney (S.B.); INSERM-ANRS SC10-US019, Essais Thérapeutiques et Maladies Infectieuses, Villejuif, France (Y.S., A. Coelho, A. Compagnucci); the Penta Foundation (T.G., C.G.), and the Department of Women and Child Health, University of Padua (C.G.) - both in Padua, Italy; and the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid (P.R.).
Pauline AmugeFrom the Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit at University College London, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology (A.T., E.W., S.A., T.S., B.W., C.S., D.F., D.M.G.), the University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (N.K.), and the Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (S.B.), London, and Heartlands Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham (S.B.W.) - all in the United Kingdom; the University of Zimbabwe, Harare (H.A.M., M.B.-D., G.M.); Baylor College of Medicine, Fort Portal (A.R.K., P.A., D.B.), the Joint Clinical Research Center, Mbarara (A. Lugemwa, S.M., L.A.), and the Joint Clinical Research Center (C.M.K., E.K., V.M.), Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration (P.M., L.B.-M., G.M.A.), and Makerere University (V.M.), Kampala - all in Uganda; the Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (A.V., N.R., E.V., A. Liberty), the Family Centre for Research with Ubuntu, the Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg (M.F.C.), the Department of Paediatrics and Children Health, King Edward VIII Hospital, University of KwaZulu-Natal (M.A.), and the Africa Health Research Institute (O.B., N.K.), Durban - all in South Africa; the Program for HIV Prevention and Treatment-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement Research Unit, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai (T.R.C., S.C.), the Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University (T.P.), and HIV-NAT (HIV Netherlands Australia Thailand Research Collaboration), Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Center, Bangkok (T.P.), and Prapokklao Hospital, Chanthaburi (C.N.) - all in Thailand; the First Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (R.K.); the Department of Pharmacy, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (A. Colbers); the School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney (S.B.); INSERM-ANRS SC10-US019, Essais Thérapeutiques et Maladies Infectieuses, Villejuif, France (Y.S., A. Coelho, A. Compagnucci); the Penta Foundation (T.G., C.G.), and the Department of Women and Child Health, University of Padua (C.G.) - both in Padua, Italy; and the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid (P.R.).
Elizabeth KaudhaFrom the Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit at University College London, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology (A.T., E.W., S.A., T.S., B.W., C.S., D.F., D.M.G.), the University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (N.K.), and the Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (S.B.), London, and Heartlands Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham (S.B.W.) - all in the United Kingdom; the University of Zimbabwe, Harare (H.A.M., M.B.-D., G.M.); Baylor College of Medicine, Fort Portal (A.R.K., P.A., D.B.), the Joint Clinical Research Center, Mbarara (A. Lugemwa, S.M., L.A.), and the Joint Clinical Research Center (C.M.K., E.K., V.M.), Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration (P.M., L.B.-M., G.M.A.), and Makerere University (V.M.), Kampala - all in Uganda; the Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (A.V., N.R., E.V., A. Liberty), the Family Centre for Research with Ubuntu, the Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg (M.F.C.), the Department of Paediatrics and Children Health, King Edward VIII Hospital, University of KwaZulu-Natal (M.A.), and the Africa Health Research Institute (O.B., N.K.), Durban - all in South Africa; the Program for HIV Prevention and Treatment-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement Research Unit, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai (T.R.C., S.C.), the Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University (T.P.), and HIV-NAT (HIV Netherlands Australia Thailand Research Collaboration), Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Center, Bangkok (T.P.), and Prapokklao Hospital, Chanthaburi (C.N.) - all in Thailand; the First Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (R.K.); the Department of Pharmacy, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (A. Colbers); the School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney (S.B.); INSERM-ANRS SC10-US019, Essais Thérapeutiques et Maladies Infectieuses, Villejuif, France (Y.S., A. Coelho, A. Compagnucci); the Penta Foundation (T.G., C.G.), and the Department of Women and Child Health, University of Padua (C.G.) - both in Padua, Italy; and the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid (P.R.).
Linda Barlow-MoshaFrom the Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit at University College London, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology (A.T., E.W., S.A., T.S., B.W., C.S., D.F., D.M.G.), the University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (N.K.), and the Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (S.B.), London, and Heartlands Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham (S.B.W.) - all in the United Kingdom; the University of Zimbabwe, Harare (H.A.M., M.B.-D., G.M.); Baylor College of Medicine, Fort Portal (A.R.K., P.A., D.B.), the Joint Clinical Research Center, Mbarara (A. Lugemwa, S.M., L.A.), and the Joint Clinical Research Center (C.M.K., E.K., V.M.), Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration (P.M., L.B.-M., G.M.A.), and Makerere University (V.M.), Kampala - all in Uganda; the Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (A.V., N.R., E.V., A. Liberty), the Family Centre for Research with Ubuntu, the Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg (M.F.C.), the Department of Paediatrics and Children Health, King Edward VIII Hospital, University of KwaZulu-Natal (M.A.), and the Africa Health Research Institute (O.B., N.K.), Durban - all in South Africa; the Program for HIV Prevention and Treatment-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement Research Unit, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai (T.R.C., S.C.), the Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University (T.P.), and HIV-NAT (HIV Netherlands Australia Thailand Research Collaboration), Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Center, Bangkok (T.P.), and Prapokklao Hospital, Chanthaburi (C.N.) - all in Thailand; the First Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (R.K.); the Department of Pharmacy, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (A. Colbers); the School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney (S.B.); INSERM-ANRS SC10-US019, Essais Thérapeutiques et Maladies Infectieuses, Villejuif, France (Y.S., A. Coelho, A. Compagnucci); the Penta Foundation (T.G., C.G.), and the Department of Women and Child Health, University of Padua (C.G.) - both in Padua, Italy; and the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid (P.R.).
Shafic MakumbiFrom the Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit at University College London, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology (A.T., E.W., S.A., T.S., B.W., C.S., D.F., D.M.G.), the University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (N.K.), and the Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (S.B.), London, and Heartlands Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham (S.B.W.) - all in the United Kingdom; the University of Zimbabwe, Harare (H.A.M., M.B.-D., G.M.); Baylor College of Medicine, Fort Portal (A.R.K., P.A., D.B.), the Joint Clinical Research Center, Mbarara (A. Lugemwa, S.M., L.A.), and the Joint Clinical Research Center (C.M.K., E.K., V.M.), Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration (P.M., L.B.-M., G.M.A.), and Makerere University (V.M.), Kampala - all in Uganda; the Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (A.V., N.R., E.V., A. Liberty), the Family Centre for Research with Ubuntu, the Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg (M.F.C.), the Department of Paediatrics and Children Health, King Edward VIII Hospital, University of KwaZulu-Natal (M.A.), and the Africa Health Research Institute (O.B., N.K.), Durban - all in South Africa; the Program for HIV Prevention and Treatment-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement Research Unit, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai (T.R.C., S.C.), the Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University (T.P.), and HIV-NAT (HIV Netherlands Australia Thailand Research Collaboration), Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Center, Bangkok (T.P.), and Prapokklao Hospital, Chanthaburi (C.N.) - all in Thailand; the First Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (R.K.); the Department of Pharmacy, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (A. Colbers); the School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney (S.B.); INSERM-ANRS SC10-US019, Essais Thérapeutiques et Maladies Infectieuses, Villejuif, France (Y.S., A. Coelho, A. Compagnucci); the Penta Foundation (T.G., C.G.), and the Department of Women and Child Health, University of Padua (C.G.) - both in Padua, Italy; and the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid (P.R.).
Nastassja RamsagarFrom the Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit at University College London, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology (A.T., E.W., S.A., T.S., B.W., C.S., D.F., D.M.G.), the University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (N.K.), and the Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (S.B.), London, and Heartlands Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham (S.B.W.) - all in the United Kingdom; the University of Zimbabwe, Harare (H.A.M., M.B.-D., G.M.); Baylor College of Medicine, Fort Portal (A.R.K., P.A., D.B.), the Joint Clinical Research Center, Mbarara (A. Lugemwa, S.M., L.A.), and the Joint Clinical Research Center (C.M.K., E.K., V.M.), Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration (P.M., L.B.-M., G.M.A.), and Makerere University (V.M.), Kampala - all in Uganda; the Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (A.V., N.R., E.V., A. Liberty), the Family Centre for Research with Ubuntu, the Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg (M.F.C.), the Department of Paediatrics and Children Health, King Edward VIII Hospital, University of KwaZulu-Natal (M.A.), and the Africa Health Research Institute (O.B., N.K.), Durban - all in South Africa; the Program for HIV Prevention and Treatment-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement Research Unit, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai (T.R.C., S.C.), the Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University (T.P.), and HIV-NAT (HIV Netherlands Australia Thailand Research Collaboration), Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Center, Bangkok (T.P.), and Prapokklao Hospital, Chanthaburi (C.N.) - all in Thailand; the First Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (R.K.); the Department of Pharmacy, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (A. Colbers); the School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney (S.B.); INSERM-ANRS SC10-US019, Essais Thérapeutiques et Maladies Infectieuses, Villejuif, France (Y.S., A. Coelho, A. Compagnucci); the Penta Foundation (T.G., C.G.), and the Department of Women and Child Health, University of Padua (C.G.) - both in Padua, Italy; and the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid (P.R.).
Chaiwat NgampiyaskulFrom the Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit at University College London, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology (A.T., E.W., S.A., T.S., B.W., C.S., D.F., D.M.G.), the University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (N.K.), and the Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (S.B.), London, and Heartlands Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham (S.B.W.) - all in the United Kingdom; the University of Zimbabwe, Harare (H.A.M., M.B.-D., G.M.); Baylor College of Medicine, Fort Portal (A.R.K., P.A., D.B.), the Joint Clinical Research Center, Mbarara (A. Lugemwa, S.M., L.A.), and the Joint Clinical Research Center (C.M.K., E.K., V.M.), Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration (P.M., L.B.-M., G.M.A.), and Makerere University (V.M.), Kampala - all in Uganda; the Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (A.V., N.R., E.V., A. Liberty), the Family Centre for Research with Ubuntu, the Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg (M.F.C.), the Department of Paediatrics and Children Health, King Edward VIII Hospital, University of KwaZulu-Natal (M.A.), and the Africa Health Research Institute (O.B., N.K.), Durban - all in South Africa; the Program for HIV Prevention and Treatment-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement Research Unit, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai (T.R.C., S.C.), the Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University (T.P.), and HIV-NAT (HIV Netherlands Australia Thailand Research Collaboration), Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Center, Bangkok (T.P.), and Prapokklao Hospital, Chanthaburi (C.N.) - all in Thailand; the First Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (R.K.); the Department of Pharmacy, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (A. Colbers); the School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney (S.B.); INSERM-ANRS SC10-US019, Essais Thérapeutiques et Maladies Infectieuses, Villejuif, France (Y.S., A. Coelho, A. Compagnucci); the Penta Foundation (T.G., C.G.), and the Department of Women and Child Health, University of Padua (C.G.) - both in Padua, Italy; and the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid (P.R.).
Godfrey MusoroFrom the Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit at University College London, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology (A.T., E.W., S.A., T.S., B.W., C.S., D.F., D.M.G.), the University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (N.K.), and the Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (S.B.), London, and Heartlands Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham (S.B.W.) - all in the United Kingdom; the University of Zimbabwe, Harare (H.A.M., M.B.-D., G.M.); Baylor College of Medicine, Fort Portal (A.R.K., P.A., D.B.), the Joint Clinical Research Center, Mbarara (A. Lugemwa, S.M., L.A.), and the Joint Clinical Research Center (C.M.K., E.K., V.M.), Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration (P.M., L.B.-M., G.M.A.), and Makerere University (V.M.), Kampala - all in Uganda; the Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (A.V., N.R., E.V., A. Liberty), the Family Centre for Research with Ubuntu, the Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg (M.F.C.), the Department of Paediatrics and Children Health, King Edward VIII Hospital, University of KwaZulu-Natal (M.A.), and the Africa Health Research Institute (O.B., N.K.), Durban - all in South Africa; the Program for HIV Prevention and Treatment-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement Research Unit, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai (T.R.C., S.C.), the Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University (T.P.), and HIV-NAT (HIV Netherlands Australia Thailand Research Collaboration), Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Center, Bangkok (T.P.), and Prapokklao Hospital, Chanthaburi (C.N.) - all in Thailand; the First Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (R.K.); the Department of Pharmacy, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (A. Colbers); the School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney (S.B.); INSERM-ANRS SC10-US019, Essais Thérapeutiques et Maladies Infectieuses, Villejuif, France (Y.S., A. Coelho, A. Compagnucci); the Penta Foundation (T.G., C.G.), and the Department of Women and Child Health, University of Padua (C.G.) - both in Padua, Italy; and the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid (P.R.).
Lorna AtwineFrom the Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit at University College London, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology (A.T., E.W., S.A., T.S., B.W., C.S., D.F., D.M.G.), the University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (N.K.), and the Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (S.B.), London, and Heartlands Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham (S.B.W.) - all in the United Kingdom; the University of Zimbabwe, Harare (H.A.M., M.B.-D., G.M.); Baylor College of Medicine, Fort Portal (A.R.K., P.A., D.B.), the Joint Clinical Research Center, Mbarara (A. Lugemwa, S.M., L.A.), and the Joint Clinical Research Center (C.M.K., E.K., V.M.), Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration (P.M., L.B.-M., G.M.A.), and Makerere University (V.M.), Kampala - all in Uganda; the Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (A.V., N.R., E.V., A. Liberty), the Family Centre for Research with Ubuntu, the Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg (M.F.C.), the Department of Paediatrics and Children Health, King Edward VIII Hospital, University of KwaZulu-Natal (M.A.), and the Africa Health Research Institute (O.B., N.K.), Durban - all in South Africa; the Program for HIV Prevention and Treatment-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement Research Unit, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai (T.R.C., S.C.), the Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University (T.P.), and HIV-NAT (HIV Netherlands Australia Thailand Research Collaboration), Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Center, Bangkok (T.P.), and Prapokklao Hospital, Chanthaburi (C.N.) - all in Thailand; the First Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (R.K.); the Department of Pharmacy, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (A. Colbers); the School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney (S.B.); INSERM-ANRS SC10-US019, Essais Thérapeutiques et Maladies Infectieuses, Villejuif, France (Y.S., A. Coelho, A. Compagnucci); the Penta Foundation (T.G., C.G.), and the Department of Women and Child Health, University of Padua (C.G.) - both in Padua, Italy; and the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid (P.R.).
Afaaf LibertyFrom the Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit at University College London, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology (A.T., E.W., S.A., T.S., B.W., C.S., D.F., D.M.G.), the University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (N.K.), and the Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (S.B.), London, and Heartlands Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham (S.B.W.) - all in the United Kingdom; the University of Zimbabwe, Harare (H.A.M., M.B.-D., G.M.); Baylor College of Medicine, Fort Portal (A.R.K., P.A., D.B.), the Joint Clinical Research Center, Mbarara (A. Lugemwa, S.M., L.A.), and the Joint Clinical Research Center (C.M.K., E.K., V.M.), Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration (P.M., L.B.-M., G.M.A.), and Makerere University (V.M.), Kampala - all in Uganda; the Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (A.V., N.R., E.V., A. Liberty), the Family Centre for Research with Ubuntu, the Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg (M.F.C.), the Department of Paediatrics and Children Health, King Edward VIII Hospital, University of KwaZulu-Natal (M.A.), and the Africa Health Research Institute (O.B., N.K.), Durban - all in South Africa; the Program for HIV Prevention and Treatment-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement Research Unit, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai (T.R.C., S.C.), the Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University (T.P.), and HIV-NAT (HIV Netherlands Australia Thailand Research Collaboration), Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Center, Bangkok (T.P.), and Prapokklao Hospital, Chanthaburi (C.N.) - all in Thailand; the First Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (R.K.); the Department of Pharmacy, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (A. Colbers); the School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney (S.B.); INSERM-ANRS SC10-US019, Essais Thérapeutiques et Maladies Infectieuses, Villejuif, France (Y.S., A. Coelho, A. Compagnucci); the Penta Foundation (T.G., C.G.), and the Department of Women and Child Health, University of Padua (C.G.) - both in Padua, Italy; and the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid (P.R.).
Victor MusiimeFrom the Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit at University College London, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology (A.T., E.W., S.A., T.S., B.W., C.S., D.F., D.M.G.), the University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (N.K.), and the Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (S.B.), London, and Heartlands Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham (S.B.W.) - all in the United Kingdom; the University of Zimbabwe, Harare (H.A.M., M.B.-D., G.M.); Baylor College of Medicine, Fort Portal (A.R.K., P.A., D.B.), the Joint Clinical Research Center, Mbarara (A. Lugemwa, S.M., L.A.), and the Joint Clinical Research Center (C.M.K., E.K., V.M.), Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration (P.M., L.B.-M., G.M.A.), and Makerere University (V.M.), Kampala - all in Uganda; the Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (A.V., N.R., E.V., A. Liberty), the Family Centre for Research with Ubuntu, the Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg (M.F.C.), the Department of Paediatrics and Children Health, King Edward VIII Hospital, University of KwaZulu-Natal (M.A.), and the Africa Health Research Institute (O.B., N.K.), Durban - all in South Africa; the Program for HIV Prevention and Treatment-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement Research Unit, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai (T.R.C., S.C.), the Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University (T.P.), and HIV-NAT (HIV Netherlands Australia Thailand Research Collaboration), Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Center, Bangkok (T.P.), and Prapokklao Hospital, Chanthaburi (C.N.) - all in Thailand; the First Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (R.K.); the Department of Pharmacy, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (A. Colbers); the School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney (S.B.); INSERM-ANRS SC10-US019, Essais Thérapeutiques et Maladies Infectieuses, Villejuif, France (Y.S., A. Coelho, A. Compagnucci); the Penta Foundation (T.G., C.G.), and the Department of Women and Child Health, University of Padua (C.G.) - both in Padua, Italy; and the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid (P.R.).
Dickson BbuyeFrom the Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit at University College London, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology (A.T., E.W., S.A., T.S., B.W., C.S., D.F., D.M.G.), the University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (N.K.), and the Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (S.B.), London, and Heartlands Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham (S.B.W.) - all in the United Kingdom; the University of Zimbabwe, Harare (H.A.M., M.B.-D., G.M.); Baylor College of Medicine, Fort Portal (A.R.K., P.A., D.B.), the Joint Clinical Research Center, Mbarara (A. Lugemwa, S.M., L.A.), and the Joint Clinical Research Center (C.M.K., E.K., V.M.), Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration (P.M., L.B.-M., G.M.A.), and Makerere University (V.M.), Kampala - all in Uganda; the Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (A.V., N.R., E.V., A. Liberty), the Family Centre for Research with Ubuntu, the Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg (M.F.C.), the Department of Paediatrics and Children Health, King Edward VIII Hospital, University of KwaZulu-Natal (M.A.), and the Africa Health Research Institute (O.B., N.K.), Durban - all in South Africa; the Program for HIV Prevention and Treatment-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement Research Unit, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai (T.R.C., S.C.), the Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University (T.P.), and HIV-NAT (HIV Netherlands Australia Thailand Research Collaboration), Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Center, Bangkok (T.P.), and Prapokklao Hospital, Chanthaburi (C.N.) - all in Thailand; the First Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (R.K.); the Department of Pharmacy, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (A. Colbers); the School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney (S.B.); INSERM-ANRS SC10-US019, Essais Thérapeutiques et Maladies Infectieuses, Villejuif, France (Y.S., A. Coelho, A. Compagnucci); the Penta Foundation (T.G., C.G.), and the Department of Women and Child Health, University of Padua (C.G.) - both in Padua, Italy; and the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid (P.R.).
Grace M AhimbisibweFrom the Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit at University College London, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology (A.T., E.W., S.A., T.S., B.W., C.S., D.F., D.M.G.), the University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (N.K.), and the Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (S.B.), London, and Heartlands Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham (S.B.W.) - all in the United Kingdom; the University of Zimbabwe, Harare (H.A.M., M.B.-D., G.M.); Baylor College of Medicine, Fort Portal (A.R.K., P.A., D.B.), the Joint Clinical Research Center, Mbarara (A. Lugemwa, S.M., L.A.), and the Joint Clinical Research Center (C.M.K., E.K., V.M.), Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration (P.M., L.B.-M., G.M.A.), and Makerere University (V.M.), Kampala - all in Uganda; the Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (A.V., N.R., E.V., A. Liberty), the Family Centre for Research with Ubuntu, the Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg (M.F.C.), the Department of Paediatrics and Children Health, King Edward VIII Hospital, University of KwaZulu-Natal (M.A.), and the Africa Health Research Institute (O.B., N.K.), Durban - all in South Africa; the Program for HIV Prevention and Treatment-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement Research Unit, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai (T.R.C., S.C.), the Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University (T.P.), and HIV-NAT (HIV Netherlands Australia Thailand Research Collaboration), Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Center, Bangkok (T.P.), and Prapokklao Hospital, Chanthaburi (C.N.) - all in Thailand; the First Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (R.K.); the Department of Pharmacy, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (A. Colbers); the School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney (S.B.); INSERM-ANRS SC10-US019, Essais Thérapeutiques et Maladies Infectieuses, Villejuif, France (Y.S., A. Coelho, A. Compagnucci); the Penta Foundation (T.G., C.G.), and the Department of Women and Child Health, University of Padua (C.G.) - both in Padua, Italy; and the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid (P.R.).
Suwalai ChalermpantmetagulFrom the Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit at University College London, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology (A.T., E.W., S.A., T.S., B.W., C.S., D.F., D.M.G.), the University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (N.K.), and the Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (S.B.), London, and Heartlands Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham (S.B.W.) - all in the United Kingdom; the University of Zimbabwe, Harare (H.A.M., M.B.-D., G.M.); Baylor College of Medicine, Fort Portal (A.R.K., P.A., D.B.), the Joint Clinical Research Center, Mbarara (A. Lugemwa, S.M., L.A.), and the Joint Clinical Research Center (C.M.K., E.K., V.M.), Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration (P.M., L.B.-M., G.M.A.), and Makerere University (V.M.), Kampala - all in Uganda; the Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (A.V., N.R., E.V., A. Liberty), the Family Centre for Research with Ubuntu, the Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg (M.F.C.), the Department of Paediatrics and Children Health, King Edward VIII Hospital, University of KwaZulu-Natal (M.A.), and the Africa Health Research Institute (O.B., N.K.), Durban - all in South Africa; the Program for HIV Prevention and Treatment-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement Research Unit, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai (T.R.C., S.C.), the Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University (T.P.), and HIV-NAT (HIV Netherlands Australia Thailand Research Collaboration), Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Center, Bangkok (T.P.), and Prapokklao Hospital, Chanthaburi (C.N.) - all in Thailand; the First Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (R.K.); the Department of Pharmacy, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (A. Colbers); the School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney (S.B.); INSERM-ANRS SC10-US019, Essais Thérapeutiques et Maladies Infectieuses, Villejuif, France (Y.S., A. Coelho, A. Compagnucci); the Penta Foundation (T.G., C.G.), and the Department of Women and Child Health, University of Padua (C.G.) - both in Padua, Italy; and the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid (P.R.).
Shabinah AliFrom the Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit at University College London, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology (A.T., E.W., S.A., T.S., B.W., C.S., D.F., D.M.G.), the University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (N.K.), and the Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (S.B.), London, and Heartlands Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham (S.B.W.) - all in the United Kingdom; the University of Zimbabwe, Harare (H.A.M., M.B.-D., G.M.); Baylor College of Medicine, Fort Portal (A.R.K., P.A., D.B.), the Joint Clinical Research Center, Mbarara (A. Lugemwa, S.M., L.A.), and the Joint Clinical Research Center (C.M.K., E.K., V.M.), Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration (P.M., L.B.-M., G.M.A.), and Makerere University (V.M.), Kampala - all in Uganda; the Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (A.V., N.R., E.V., A. Liberty), the Family Centre for Research with Ubuntu, the Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg (M.F.C.), the Department of Paediatrics and Children Health, King Edward VIII Hospital, University of KwaZulu-Natal (M.A.), and the Africa Health Research Institute (O.B., N.K.), Durban - all in South Africa; the Program for HIV Prevention and Treatment-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement Research Unit, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai (T.R.C., S.C.), the Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University (T.P.), and HIV-NAT (HIV Netherlands Australia Thailand Research Collaboration), Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Center, Bangkok (T.P.), and Prapokklao Hospital, Chanthaburi (C.N.) - all in Thailand; the First Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (R.K.); the Department of Pharmacy, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (A. Colbers); the School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney (S.B.); INSERM-ANRS SC10-US019, Essais Thérapeutiques et Maladies Infectieuses, Villejuif, France (Y.S., A. Coelho, A. Compagnucci); the Penta Foundation (T.G., C.G.), and the Department of Women and Child Health, University of Padua (C.G.) - both in Padua, Italy; and the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid (P.R.).
Tatiana SarfatiFrom the Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit at University College London, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology (A.T., E.W., S.A., T.S., B.W., C.S., D.F., D.M.G.), the University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (N.K.), and the Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (S.B.), London, and Heartlands Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham (S.B.W.) - all in the United Kingdom; the University of Zimbabwe, Harare (H.A.M., M.B.-D., G.M.); Baylor College of Medicine, Fort Portal (A.R.K., P.A., D.B.), the Joint Clinical Research Center, Mbarara (A. Lugemwa, S.M., L.A.), and the Joint Clinical Research Center (C.M.K., E.K., V.M.), Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration (P.M., L.B.-M., G.M.A.), and Makerere University (V.M.), Kampala - all in Uganda; the Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (A.V., N.R., E.V., A. Liberty), the Family Centre for Research with Ubuntu, the Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg (M.F.C.), the Department of Paediatrics and Children Health, King Edward VIII Hospital, University of KwaZulu-Natal (M.A.), and the Africa Health Research Institute (O.B., N.K.), Durban - all in South Africa; the Program for HIV Prevention and Treatment-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement Research Unit, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai (T.R.C., S.C.), the Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University (T.P.), and HIV-NAT (HIV Netherlands Australia Thailand Research Collaboration), Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Center, Bangkok (T.P.), and Prapokklao Hospital, Chanthaburi (C.N.) - all in Thailand; the First Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (R.K.); the Department of Pharmacy, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (A. Colbers); the School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney (S.B.); INSERM-ANRS SC10-US019, Essais Thérapeutiques et Maladies Infectieuses, Villejuif, France (Y.S., A. Coelho, A. Compagnucci); the Penta Foundation (T.G., C.G.), and the Department of Women and Child Health, University of Padua (C.G.) - both in Padua, Italy; and the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid (P.R.).
Ben WynneFrom the Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit at University College London, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology (A.T., E.W., S.A., T.S., B.W., C.S., D.F., D.M.G.), the University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (N.K.), and the Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (S.B.), London, and Heartlands Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham (S.B.W.) - all in the United Kingdom; the University of Zimbabwe, Harare (H.A.M., M.B.-D., G.M.); Baylor College of Medicine, Fort Portal (A.R.K., P.A., D.B.), the Joint Clinical Research Center, Mbarara (A. Lugemwa, S.M., L.A.), and the Joint Clinical Research Center (C.M.K., E.K., V.M.), Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration (P.M., L.B.-M., G.M.A.), and Makerere University (V.M.), Kampala - all in Uganda; the Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (A.V., N.R., E.V., A. Liberty), the Family Centre for Research with Ubuntu, the Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg (M.F.C.), the Department of Paediatrics and Children Health, King Edward VIII Hospital, University of KwaZulu-Natal (M.A.), and the Africa Health Research Institute (O.B., N.K.), Durban - all in South Africa; the Program for HIV Prevention and Treatment-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement Research Unit, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai (T.R.C., S.C.), the Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University (T.P.), and HIV-NAT (HIV Netherlands Australia Thailand Research Collaboration), Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Center, Bangkok (T.P.), and Prapokklao Hospital, Chanthaburi (C.N.) - all in Thailand; the First Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (R.K.); the Department of Pharmacy, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (A. Colbers); the School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney (S.B.); INSERM-ANRS SC10-US019, Essais Thérapeutiques et Maladies Infectieuses, Villejuif, France (Y.S., A. Coelho, A. Compagnucci); the Penta Foundation (T.G., C.G.), and the Department of Women and Child Health, University of Padua (C.G.) - both in Padua, Italy; and the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid (P.R.).
Clare ShakeshaftFrom the Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit at University College London, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology (A.T., E.W., S.A., T.S., B.W., C.S., D.F., D.M.G.), the University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (N.K.), and the Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (S.B.), London, and Heartlands Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham (S.B.W.) - all in the United Kingdom; the University of Zimbabwe, Harare (H.A.M., M.B.-D., G.M.); Baylor College of Medicine, Fort Portal (A.R.K., P.A., D.B.), the Joint Clinical Research Center, Mbarara (A. Lugemwa, S.M., L.A.), and the Joint Clinical Research Center (C.M.K., E.K., V.M.), Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration (P.M., L.B.-M., G.M.A.), and Makerere University (V.M.), Kampala - all in Uganda; the Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (A.V., N.R., E.V., A. Liberty), the Family Centre for Research with Ubuntu, the Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg (M.F.C.), the Department of Paediatrics and Children Health, King Edward VIII Hospital, University of KwaZulu-Natal (M.A.), and the Africa Health Research Institute (O.B., N.K.), Durban - all in South Africa; the Program for HIV Prevention and Treatment-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement Research Unit, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai (T.R.C., S.C.), the Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University (T.P.), and HIV-NAT (HIV Netherlands Australia Thailand Research Collaboration), Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Center, Bangkok (T.P.), and Prapokklao Hospital, Chanthaburi (C.N.) - all in Thailand; the First Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (R.K.); the Department of Pharmacy, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (A. Colbers); the School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney (S.B.); INSERM-ANRS SC10-US019, Essais Thérapeutiques et Maladies Infectieuses, Villejuif, France (Y.S., A. Coelho, A. Compagnucci); the Penta Foundation (T.G., C.G.), and the Department of Women and Child Health, University of Padua (C.G.) - both in Padua, Italy; and the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid (P.R.).
Angela ColbersFrom the Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit at University College London, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology (A.T., E.W., S.A., T.S., B.W., C.S., D.F., D.M.G.), the University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (N.K.), and the Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (S.B.), London, and Heartlands Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham (S.B.W.) - all in the United Kingdom; the University of Zimbabwe, Harare (H.A.M., M.B.-D., G.M.); Baylor College of Medicine, Fort Portal (A.R.K., P.A., D.B.), the Joint Clinical Research Center, Mbarara (A. Lugemwa, S.M., L.A.), and the Joint Clinical Research Center (C.M.K., E.K., V.M.), Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration (P.M., L.B.-M., G.M.A.), and Makerere University (V.M.), Kampala - all in Uganda; the Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (A.V., N.R., E.V., A. Liberty), the Family Centre for Research with Ubuntu, the Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg (M.F.C.), the Department of Paediatrics and Children Health, King Edward VIII Hospital, University of KwaZulu-Natal (M.A.), and the Africa Health Research Institute (O.B., N.K.), Durban - all in South Africa; the Program for HIV Prevention and Treatment-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement Research Unit, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai (T.R.C., S.C.), the Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University (T.P.), and HIV-NAT (HIV Netherlands Australia Thailand Research Collaboration), Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Center, Bangkok (T.P.), and Prapokklao Hospital, Chanthaburi (C.N.) - all in Thailand; the First Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (R.K.); the Department of Pharmacy, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (A. Colbers); the School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney (S.B.); INSERM-ANRS SC10-US019, Essais Thérapeutiques et Maladies Infectieuses, Villejuif, France (Y.S., A. Coelho, A. Compagnucci); the Penta Foundation (T.G., C.G.), and the Department of Women and Child Health, University of Padua (C.G.) - both in Padua, Italy; and the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid (P.R.).
Nigel KleinFrom the Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit at University College London, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology (A.T., E.W., S.A., T.S., B.W., C.S., D.F., D.M.G.), the University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (N.K.), and the Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (S.B.), London, and Heartlands Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham (S.B.W.) - all in the United Kingdom; the University of Zimbabwe, Harare (H.A.M., M.B.-D., G.M.); Baylor College of Medicine, Fort Portal (A.R.K., P.A., D.B.), the Joint Clinical Research Center, Mbarara (A. Lugemwa, S.M., L.A.), and the Joint Clinical Research Center (C.M.K., E.K., V.M.), Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration (P.M., L.B.-M., G.M.A.), and Makerere University (V.M.), Kampala - all in Uganda; the Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (A.V., N.R., E.V., A. Liberty), the Family Centre for Research with Ubuntu, the Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg (M.F.C.), the Department of Paediatrics and Children Health, King Edward VIII Hospital, University of KwaZulu-Natal (M.A.), and the Africa Health Research Institute (O.B., N.K.), Durban - all in South Africa; the Program for HIV Prevention and Treatment-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement Research Unit, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai (T.R.C., S.C.), the Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University (T.P.), and HIV-NAT (HIV Netherlands Australia Thailand Research Collaboration), Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Center, Bangkok (T.P.), and Prapokklao Hospital, Chanthaburi (C.N.) - all in Thailand; the First Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (R.K.); the Department of Pharmacy, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (A. Colbers); the School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney (S.B.); INSERM-ANRS SC10-US019, Essais Thérapeutiques et Maladies Infectieuses, Villejuif, France (Y.S., A. Coelho, A. Compagnucci); the Penta Foundation (T.G., C.G.), and the Department of Women and Child Health, University of Padua (C.G.) - both in Padua, Italy; and the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid (P.R.).
Sarah BernaysFrom the Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit at University College London, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology (A.T., E.W., S.A., T.S., B.W., C.S., D.F., D.M.G.), the University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (N.K.), and the Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (S.B.), London, and Heartlands Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham (S.B.W.) - all in the United Kingdom; the University of Zimbabwe, Harare (H.A.M., M.B.-D., G.M.); Baylor College of Medicine, Fort Portal (A.R.K., P.A., D.B.), the Joint Clinical Research Center, Mbarara (A. Lugemwa, S.M., L.A.), and the Joint Clinical Research Center (C.M.K., E.K., V.M.), Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration (P.M., L.B.-M., G.M.A.), and Makerere University (V.M.), Kampala - all in Uganda; the Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (A.V., N.R., E.V., A. Liberty), the Family Centre for Research with Ubuntu, the Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg (M.F.C.), the Department of Paediatrics and Children Health, King Edward VIII Hospital, University of KwaZulu-Natal (M.A.), and the Africa Health Research Institute (O.B., N.K.), Durban - all in South Africa; the Program for HIV Prevention and Treatment-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement Research Unit, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai (T.R.C., S.C.), the Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University (T.P.), and HIV-NAT (HIV Netherlands Australia Thailand Research Collaboration), Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Center, Bangkok (T.P.), and Prapokklao Hospital, Chanthaburi (C.N.) - all in Thailand; the First Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (R.K.); the Department of Pharmacy, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (A. Colbers); the School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney (S.B.); INSERM-ANRS SC10-US019, Essais Thérapeutiques et Maladies Infectieuses, Villejuif, France (Y.S., A. Coelho, A. Compagnucci); the Penta Foundation (T.G., C.G.), and the Department of Women and Child Health, University of Padua (C.G.) - both in Padua, Italy; and the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid (P.R.).
Yacine SaïdiFrom the Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit at University College London, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology (A.T., E.W., S.A., T.S., B.W., C.S., D.F., D.M.G.), the University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (N.K.), and the Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (S.B.), London, and Heartlands Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham (S.B.W.) - all in the United Kingdom; the University of Zimbabwe, Harare (H.A.M., M.B.-D., G.M.); Baylor College of Medicine, Fort Portal (A.R.K., P.A., D.B.), the Joint Clinical Research Center, Mbarara (A. Lugemwa, S.M., L.A.), and the Joint Clinical Research Center (C.M.K., E.K., V.M.), Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration (P.M., L.B.-M., G.M.A.), and Makerere University (V.M.), Kampala - all in Uganda; the Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (A.V., N.R., E.V., A. Liberty), the Family Centre for Research with Ubuntu, the Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg (M.F.C.), the Department of Paediatrics and Children Health, King Edward VIII Hospital, University of KwaZulu-Natal (M.A.), and the Africa Health Research Institute (O.B., N.K.), Durban - all in South Africa; the Program for HIV Prevention and Treatment-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement Research Unit, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai (T.R.C., S.C.), the Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University (T.P.), and HIV-NAT (HIV Netherlands Australia Thailand Research Collaboration), Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Center, Bangkok (T.P.), and Prapokklao Hospital, Chanthaburi (C.N.) - all in Thailand; the First Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (R.K.); the Department of Pharmacy, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (A. Colbers); the School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney (S.B.); INSERM-ANRS SC10-US019, Essais Thérapeutiques et Maladies Infectieuses, Villejuif, France (Y.S., A. Coelho, A. Compagnucci); the Penta Foundation (T.G., C.G.), and the Department of Women and Child Health, University of Padua (C.G.) - both in Padua, Italy; and the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid (P.R.).
Alexandra CoelhoFrom the Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit at University College London, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology (A.T., E.W., S.A., T.S., B.W., C.S., D.F., D.M.G.), the University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (N.K.), and the Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (S.B.), London, and Heartlands Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham (S.B.W.) - all in the United Kingdom; the University of Zimbabwe, Harare (H.A.M., M.B.-D., G.M.); Baylor College of Medicine, Fort Portal (A.R.K., P.A., D.B.), the Joint Clinical Research Center, Mbarara (A. Lugemwa, S.M., L.A.), and the Joint Clinical Research Center (C.M.K., E.K., V.M.), Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration (P.M., L.B.-M., G.M.A.), and Makerere University (V.M.), Kampala - all in Uganda; the Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (A.V., N.R., E.V., A. Liberty), the Family Centre for Research with Ubuntu, the Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg (M.F.C.), the Department of Paediatrics and Children Health, King Edward VIII Hospital, University of KwaZulu-Natal (M.A.), and the Africa Health Research Institute (O.B., N.K.), Durban - all in South Africa; the Program for HIV Prevention and Treatment-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement Research Unit, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai (T.R.C., S.C.), the Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University (T.P.), and HIV-NAT (HIV Netherlands Australia Thailand Research Collaboration), Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Center, Bangkok (T.P.), and Prapokklao Hospital, Chanthaburi (C.N.) - all in Thailand; the First Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (R.K.); the Department of Pharmacy, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (A. Colbers); the School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney (S.B.); INSERM-ANRS SC10-US019, Essais Thérapeutiques et Maladies Infectieuses, Villejuif, France (Y.S., A. Coelho, A. Compagnucci); the Penta Foundation (T.G., C.G.), and the Department of Women and Child Health, University of Padua (C.G.) - both in Padua, Italy; and the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid (P.R.).
Tiziana GrosseleFrom the Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit at University College London, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology (A.T., E.W., S.A., T.S., B.W., C.S., D.F., D.M.G.), the University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (N.K.), and the Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (S.B.), London, and Heartlands Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham (S.B.W.) - all in the United Kingdom; the University of Zimbabwe, Harare (H.A.M., M.B.-D., G.M.); Baylor College of Medicine, Fort Portal (A.R.K., P.A., D.B.), the Joint Clinical Research Center, Mbarara (A. Lugemwa, S.M., L.A.), and the Joint Clinical Research Center (C.M.K., E.K., V.M.), Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration (P.M., L.B.-M., G.M.A.), and Makerere University (V.M.), Kampala - all in Uganda; the Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (A.V., N.R., E.V., A. Liberty), the Family Centre for Research with Ubuntu, the Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg (M.F.C.), the Department of Paediatrics and Children Health, King Edward VIII Hospital, University of KwaZulu-Natal (M.A.), and the Africa Health Research Institute (O.B., N.K.), Durban - all in South Africa; the Program for HIV Prevention and Treatment-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement Research Unit, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai (T.R.C., S.C.), the Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University (T.P.), and HIV-NAT (HIV Netherlands Australia Thailand Research Collaboration), Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Center, Bangkok (T.P.), and Prapokklao Hospital, Chanthaburi (C.N.) - all in Thailand; the First Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (R.K.); the Department of Pharmacy, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (A. Colbers); the School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney (S.B.); INSERM-ANRS SC10-US019, Essais Thérapeutiques et Maladies Infectieuses, Villejuif, France (Y.S., A. Coelho, A. Compagnucci); the Penta Foundation (T.G., C.G.), and the Department of Women and Child Health, University of Padua (C.G.) - both in Padua, Italy; and the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid (P.R.).
Alexandra CompagnucciFrom the Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit at University College London, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology (A.T., E.W., S.A., T.S., B.W., C.S., D.F., D.M.G.), the University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (N.K.), and the Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (S.B.), London, and Heartlands Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham (S.B.W.) - all in the United Kingdom; the University of Zimbabwe, Harare (H.A.M., M.B.-D., G.M.); Baylor College of Medicine, Fort Portal (A.R.K., P.A., D.B.), the Joint Clinical Research Center, Mbarara (A. Lugemwa, S.M., L.A.), and the Joint Clinical Research Center (C.M.K., E.K., V.M.), Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration (P.M., L.B.-M., G.M.A.), and Makerere University (V.M.), Kampala - all in Uganda; the Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (A.V., N.R., E.V., A. Liberty), the Family Centre for Research with Ubuntu, the Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg (M.F.C.), the Department of Paediatrics and Children Health, King Edward VIII Hospital, University of KwaZulu-Natal (M.A.), and the Africa Health Research Institute (O.B., N.K.), Durban - all in South Africa; the Program for HIV Prevention and Treatment-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement Research Unit, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai (T.R.C., S.C.), the Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University (T.P.), and HIV-NAT (HIV Netherlands Australia Thailand Research Collaboration), Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Center, Bangkok (T.P.), and Prapokklao Hospital, Chanthaburi (C.N.) - all in Thailand; the First Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (R.K.); the Department of Pharmacy, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (A. Colbers); the School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney (S.B.); INSERM-ANRS SC10-US019, Essais Thérapeutiques et Maladies Infectieuses, Villejuif, France (Y.S., A. Coelho, A. Compagnucci); the Penta Foundation (T.G., C.G.), and the Department of Women and Child Health, University of Padua (C.G.) - both in Padua, Italy; and the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid (P.R.).
Carlo GiaquintoFrom the Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit at University College London, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology (A.T., E.W., S.A., T.S., B.W., C.S., D.F., D.M.G.), the University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (N.K.), and the Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (S.B.), London, and Heartlands Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham (S.B.W.) - all in the United Kingdom; the University of Zimbabwe, Harare (H.A.M., M.B.-D., G.M.); Baylor College of Medicine, Fort Portal (A.R.K., P.A., D.B.), the Joint Clinical Research Center, Mbarara (A. Lugemwa, S.M., L.A.), and the Joint Clinical Research Center (C.M.K., E.K., V.M.), Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration (P.M., L.B.-M., G.M.A.), and Makerere University (V.M.), Kampala - all in Uganda; the Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (A.V., N.R., E.V., A. Liberty), the Family Centre for Research with Ubuntu, the Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg (M.F.C.), the Department of Paediatrics and Children Health, King Edward VIII Hospital, University of KwaZulu-Natal (M.A.), and the Africa Health Research Institute (O.B., N.K.), Durban - all in South Africa; the Program for HIV Prevention and Treatment-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement Research Unit, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai (T.R.C., S.C.), the Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University (T.P.), and HIV-NAT (HIV Netherlands Australia Thailand Research Collaboration), Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Center, Bangkok (T.P.), and Prapokklao Hospital, Chanthaburi (C.N.) - all in Thailand; the First Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (R.K.); the Department of Pharmacy, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (A. Colbers); the School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney (S.B.); INSERM-ANRS SC10-US019, Essais Thérapeutiques et Maladies Infectieuses, Villejuif, France (Y.S., A. Coelho, A. Compagnucci); the Penta Foundation (T.G., C.G.), and the Department of Women and Child Health, University of Padua (C.G.) - both in Padua, Italy; and the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid (P.R.).
Pablo RojoFrom the Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit at University College London, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology (A.T., E.W., S.A., T.S., B.W., C.S., D.F., D.M.G.), the University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (N.K.), and the Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (S.B.), London, and Heartlands Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham (S.B.W.) - all in the United Kingdom; the University of Zimbabwe, Harare (H.A.M., M.B.-D., G.M.); Baylor College of Medicine, Fort Portal (A.R.K., P.A., D.B.), the Joint Clinical Research Center, Mbarara (A. Lugemwa, S.M., L.A.), and the Joint Clinical Research Center (C.M.K., E.K., V.M.), Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration (P.M., L.B.-M., G.M.A.), and Makerere University (V.M.), Kampala - all in Uganda; the Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (A.V., N.R., E.V., A. Liberty), the Family Centre for Research with Ubuntu, the Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg (M.F.C.), the Department of Paediatrics and Children Health, King Edward VIII Hospital, University of KwaZulu-Natal (M.A.), and the Africa Health Research Institute (O.B., N.K.), Durban - all in South Africa; the Program for HIV Prevention and Treatment-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement Research Unit, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai (T.R.C., S.C.), the Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University (T.P.), and HIV-NAT (HIV Netherlands Australia Thailand Research Collaboration), Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Center, Bangkok (T.P.), and Prapokklao Hospital, Chanthaburi (C.N.) - all in Thailand; the First Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (R.K.); the Department of Pharmacy, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (A. Colbers); the School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney (S.B.); INSERM-ANRS SC10-US019, Essais Thérapeutiques et Maladies Infectieuses, Villejuif, France (Y.S., A. Coelho, A. Compagnucci); the Penta Foundation (T.G., C.G.), and the Department of Women and Child Health, University of Padua (C.G.) - both in Padua, Italy; and the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid (P.R.).
Deborah FordFrom the Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit at University College London, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology (A.T., E.W., S.A., T.S., B.W., C.S., D.F., D.M.G.), the University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (N.K.), and the Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (S.B.), London, and Heartlands Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham (S.B.W.) - all in the United Kingdom; the University of Zimbabwe, Harare (H.A.M., M.B.-D., G.M.); Baylor College of Medicine, Fort Portal (A.R.K., P.A., D.B.), the Joint Clinical Research Center, Mbarara (A. Lugemwa, S.M., L.A.), and the Joint Clinical Research Center (C.M.K., E.K., V.M.), Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration (P.M., L.B.-M., G.M.A.), and Makerere University (V.M.), Kampala - all in Uganda; the Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (A.V., N.R., E.V., A. Liberty), the Family Centre for Research with Ubuntu, the Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg (M.F.C.), the Department of Paediatrics and Children Health, King Edward VIII Hospital, University of KwaZulu-Natal (M.A.), and the Africa Health Research Institute (O.B., N.K.), Durban - all in South Africa; the Program for HIV Prevention and Treatment-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement Research Unit, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai (T.R.C., S.C.), the Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University (T.P.), and HIV-NAT (HIV Netherlands Australia Thailand Research Collaboration), Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Center, Bangkok (T.P.), and Prapokklao Hospital, Chanthaburi (C.N.) - all in Thailand; the First Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (R.K.); the Department of Pharmacy, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (A. Colbers); the School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney (S.B.); INSERM-ANRS SC10-US019, Essais Thérapeutiques et Maladies Infectieuses, Villejuif, France (Y.S., A. Coelho, A. Compagnucci); the Penta Foundation (T.G., C.G.), and the Department of Women and Child Health, University of Padua (C.G.) - both in Padua, Italy; and the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid (P.R.).
Diana M GibbFrom the Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit at University College London, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology (A.T., E.W., S.A., T.S., B.W., C.S., D.F., D.M.G.), the University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (N.K.), and the Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (S.B.), London, and Heartlands Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham (S.B.W.) - all in the United Kingdom; the University of Zimbabwe, Harare (H.A.M., M.B.-D., G.M.); Baylor College of Medicine, Fort Portal (A.R.K., P.A., D.B.), the Joint Clinical Research Center, Mbarara (A. Lugemwa, S.M., L.A.), and the Joint Clinical Research Center (C.M.K., E.K., V.M.), Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration (P.M., L.B.-M., G.M.A.), and Makerere University (V.M.), Kampala - all in Uganda; the Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (A.V., N.R., E.V., A. Liberty), the Family Centre for Research with Ubuntu, the Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg (M.F.C.), the Department of Paediatrics and Children Health, King Edward VIII Hospital, University of KwaZulu-Natal (M.A.), and the Africa Health Research Institute (O.B., N.K.), Durban - all in South Africa; the Program for HIV Prevention and Treatment-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement Research Unit, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai (T.R.C., S.C.), the Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University (T.P.), and HIV-NAT (HIV Netherlands Australia Thailand Research Collaboration), Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Center, Bangkok (T.P.), and Prapokklao Hospital, Chanthaburi (C.N.) - all in Thailand; the First Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (R.K.); the Department of Pharmacy, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (A. Colbers); the School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney (S.B.); INSERM-ANRS SC10-US019, Essais Thérapeutiques et Maladies Infectieuses, Villejuif, France (Y.S., A. Coelho, A. Compagnucci); the Penta Foundation (T.G., C.G.), and the Department of Women and Child Health, University of Padua (C.G.) - both in Padua, Italy; and the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid (P.R.).
ODYSSEY Trial Team
University of London · GBUniversity College London · GB
Funding
Medical Research Council MC_UU_00004/03Medical Research Council MC_UU_12023/23
Abstract
backgroundChildren with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection have limited options for effective antiretroviral treatment (ART).
methodsWe conducted an open-label, randomized, noninferiority trial comparing three-drug ART based on the HIV integrase inhibitor dolutegravir with standard care (non-dolutegravir-based ART) in children and adolescents starting first- or second-line ART. The primary end point was the proportion of participants with virologic or clinical treatment failure by 96 weeks, as estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Safety was assessed.
resultsFrom September 2016 through June 2018, a total of 707 children and adolescents who weighed at least 14 kg were randomly assigned to receive dolutegravir-based ART (350 participants) or standard care (357). The median age was 12.2 years (range, 2.9 to 18.0), the median weight was 30.7 kg (range, 14.0 to 85.0), and 49% of the participants were girls. By design, 311 participants (44%) started first-line ART (with 92% of those in the standard-care group receiving efavirenz-based ART), and 396 (56%) started second-line ART (with 98% of those in the standard-care group receiving boosted protease inhibitor-based ART). The median follow-up was 142 weeks. By 96 weeks, 47 participants in the dolutegravir group and 75 in the standard-care group had treatment failure (estimated probability, 0.14 vs. 0.22; difference, -0.08; 95% confidence interval, -0.14 to -0.03; P = 0.004). Treatment effects were similar with first- and second-line therapies (P = 0.16 for heterogeneity). A total of 35 participants in the dolutegravir group and 40 in the standard-care group had at least one serious adverse event (P = 0.53), and 73 and 86, respectively, had at least one adverse event of grade 3 or higher (P = 0.24). At least one ART-modifying adverse event occurred in 5 participants in the dolutegravir group and in 17 in the standard-care group (P = 0.01).
conclusionsIn this trial involving children and adolescents with HIV-1 infection who were starting first- or second-line treatment, dolutegravir-based ART was superior to standard care. (Funded by ViiV Healthcare; ODYSSEY ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02259127; EUDRACT number, 2014-002632-14; and ISRCTN number, ISRCTN91737921.).
Indexed as
HIV-1Administration, OralAdolescentAlkynesAnti-Retroviral AgentsBenzoxazinesChildChild, PreschoolCholesterolCyclopropanesDolutegravirDrug Therapy, CombinationFemaleHeterocyclic Compounds, 3-RingHIV InfectionsHIV Integrase InhibitorsAlkynesAnti-Retroviral AgentsBenzoxazinesCholesterolCyclopropanesDolutegravirefavirenzHeterocyclic Compounds, 3-RingHIV Integrase InhibitorsHIV Protease InhibitorsOxazinesPiperazinesPyridones
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NCT02259127ClinicalTrials.gov
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.