ReviewMediterranean journal of rheumatology2021
Double Negative (DN) B cells: A connecting bridge between rheumatic diseases and COVID-19?
Review in Mediterranean journal of rheumatology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- In response: do-not-resuscitate designation as a hemovigilance strategy for Rh(D)-negative inventory stewardship.Transfusion · 2026Article
- Article
- Age-associated B cells and double-negative B cells: two sides of the same coin? The answer depends on the context.Frontiers in aging · 2026Article
- The pathogenic role of double-negative B cells in autoimmune diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Persistent Classical and Atypical Memory B Cells Underlie Heterogeneous Vaccine Responses in Ocrelizumab-Treated Multiple Sclerosis.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Physical activity affects DNA methylation-derived inflammation markers in a community-based Parkinson's disease study.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2025Article
- Deep profiling of B cells responding to various pathogens uncovers compartments in IgG memory B cell and antibody-secreting lineages.Science advances · 2025Article
- Disease-associated B cells and immune endotypes shape adaptive immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination in human SLE.Nature immunology · 2025Article
- Metabolic profiling of single cells by exploiting NADH and FAD fluorescence via flow cytometry.Molecular metabolism · 2024Article
- Disrupting B and T-cell collaboration in autoimmune disease: T-cell engagers versus CAR T-cell therapy?Clinical and experimental immunology · 2024Review
- Systems biology of B cells in COVID-19.Seminars in immunology · 2024Review
- Article
- Addressing the research gap: access to care hinders genetic discovery in systemic lupus erythematosus patients throughout the African diaspora.Frontiers in genetics · 2024Review
- Cutaneous adaptive immunity and uraemia: a narrative review.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- COVID-19 vaccines adverse events: potential molecular mechanisms.Immunologic research · 2023Review
- Innate and Adaptive Immunity during SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Biomolecular Cellular Markers and Mechanisms.Vaccines · 2023Review
- Involvement of age-associated B cells in EBV-triggered autoimmunity.Immunologic research · 2022Article
- Non-Coding RNAs in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Implications for Biomarker Discovery.Non-coding RNA · 2022Article
- COVID-19 vaccination can occasionally trigger autoimmune phenomena, probably via inducing age-associated B cells.International journal of rheumatic diseases · 2022Review
- Autoantibodies during infectious diseases: Lessons from malaria applied to COVID-19 and other infections.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Double Negative (DN) B cells constitute a B cell population that lacks expression of immunoglobulin D and CD27 memory marker. These cells expand in elderly healthy individuals, but also accumulate prematurely in autoimmune and infectious diseases. COVID-19 is a pandemic infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, a coronavirus that was first observed in Wuhan, China in December 2019. In its more severe cases, COVID-19 causes severe pneumonia and acute respiratory syndrome with high morbidity and mortality. Recent studies have revealed that the extrafollicular DN2 B cell subset, previously described in lupus patients, does also expand in severe and/or critical groups of COVID-19 patients. These DN2 cells correlate with disease severity and laboratory parameters of inflammation. However, their exact role and function in COVID-19 require to be further investigated. In this review, we highlight the DN immune responses in both rheumatic diseases and COVID-19, and we point out the importance of clarifying DN's role in the immunopathology of the aforementioned infection, as it could probably enable better management of rheumatic diseases during the pandemic. Of note, the symptomatology of COVID-19, as well as the potential outcome of death, have given rise to a worldwide concern and scare of exposition to SARS-CoV-2, especially among the rheumatological patients who believe to be at higher risk due to their immunological background and the immunosuppressive therapies. Nevertheless, there is no convincing evidence so far that these patients are truly at higher risk than others.
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