Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34963794›Full record

ReviewThe World Allergy Organization journal2021

WAO-ARIA consensus on chronic cough - Part II: Phenotypes and mechanisms of abnormal cough presentation -

Philip W Rouadi, Samar A Idriss, Jean Bousquet, Tanya M Laidlaw, Cecilio R Azar, Mona S Al-Ahmad, Anahi Yañez, Maryam Ali Y Al-Nesf, Talal M Nsouli, Sami L Bahna and 30 more

Open access · goldAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in The World Allergy Organization journal, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
9citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
1.8field-weighted citation impact, top 14% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 16 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Cough biomarkers for diagnosis and monitoring of respiratory disease: a systematic review.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2026
    Pooled it
  2. WAO - ARIA consensus on chronic cough: Executive summary.The World Allergy Organization journal · 2025
    Review
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Review
  9. Phenotypes and endotypes of cough in asthma.Therapeutic advances in respiratory disease
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

40 authors at 20 institutions in 22 countries.

Philip W RouadiDepartment of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Eye and Ear University Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon.
Samar A IdrissDepartment of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Eye and Ear University Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon.
Jean BousquetHospital Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Tanya M LaidlawDepartment of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston, MA, USA.
Cecilio R AzarDepartment of Gastroenterology, American University of Beirut Medical Center (AUBMC), Beirut, Lebanon.
Mona S Al-AhmadDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait.
Anahi YañezINAER - Investigaciones en Alergia y Enfermedades Respiratorias, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Maryam Ali Y Al-NesfAllergy and Immunology Section, Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, P.O. Box 3050, Doha, Qatar.
Talal M NsouliInternational Cough Institute, Washington D.C, USA.
Sami L BahnaAllergy & Immunology Section, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA.
Eliane Abou-JaoudeInternational Cough Institute, Washington D.C, USA.
Fares H ZaitounDepartment of Allergy Otolaryngology, LAU-RIZK Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.
Usamah M HadiClinical Professor Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, American University of Beirut, Lebanon.
Peter W HellingsKU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Leuven, Belgium.
Glenis K ScaddingDepartment of ENT, RNENT Hospital, London, UK.
Peter K SmithClinical Medicine Griffith University, Southport Qld, 4215, Australia.
Mario Morais-AlmeidaAllergy Center, CUF Descobertas Hospital, Lisboa, Portugal.
René Maximiliano GómezSchool of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Salta, Argentina.
Sandra N Gonzalez DiazUniversidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Hospital Universitario and Facultad de Medicina, Monterrey, NL, Mexico.
Ludger KlimekCenter for Rhinology and Allergology, Wiesbaden, Germany.
Georges S JuvelekianDepartment of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine at Saint George Hospital University Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.
Moussa A RiachyDepartment of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Hôtel-Dieu de France University Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon.
Giorgio Walter CanonicaHumanitas University & Personalized Medicine Asthma & Allergy Clinic-Humanitas Research Hospital-IRCCS-Milano Italy.
David PedenUNC Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology, Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics UNS School of Medicine, USA.
Gary W K WongDepartment of Pediatrics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
James SublettDepartment of Pediatrics, Section of Allergy and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Shelbyville Rd, Louisville, KY, 9800, USA.
Jonathan A BernsteinUniversity of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Immunology/Allergy Section, Cincinnati, USA.
Lianglu WangDepartment of Allergy, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Diagnosis and Treatment of Allergic Disease, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Beijing, 100730, China.
Luciana K TannoUniversité Montpellier, France, Montpellier, France.
Manana ChikhladzeMedical Faculty at Akaki Tsereteli State University, National Institute of Allergy, Asthma & Clinical Immunology, KuTaisi, Tskaltubo, Georgia.
Michael LevinDivision of Paediatric Allergology, Department of Paediatrics, University of Cape Town, South Africa.
Yoon-Seok ChangDivision of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, South Korea.
Bryan L MartinDepartment of Otolaryngology, Division of Allergy & Immunology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
Luis CaraballoInstitute for Immunological Research, University of Cartagena. Cartagena de Indias, Colombia.
Adnan CustovicNational Heart and Lund Institute, Imperial College London, UK.
Jose Antonio Ortega-MartellHealth Science Institute, Autonomous University of Hidalgo, Mexico.
Erika Jensen-JarolimInstitute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University Vienna, Austria.
Motohiro EbisawaClinical Research Center for Allergy and Rheumatology, National Hospital Organization Sagamihara National Hospital, Sagamihara, Japan.
Alessandro FiocchiTranslational Pediatric Research Area, Allergic Diseases Research Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Holy See.
Ignacio J AnsoteguiDepartment of Allergy and Immunology, Hospital Quironsalud Bizkaia, Bilbao, Spain.
Rafik Hariri University Hospital · LBAdministración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud · ARAkaki Tsereteli State University · GEAmerican University of Beirut · LBBambino Gesù Children's Hospital · ITBerlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin · DEBrigham and Women's Hospital · USChinese University of Hong Kong · HKGhent University Hospital · BEGriffith University · AUHamad Medical Corporation · QAHospital Quirónsalud Barcelona · ESHôtel-Dieu de France · LBHumanitas University · ITImperial College London · GBInserm · FRKuwait University · KWLouisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport · USMedical University of Vienna · ATMiddle East University · LB

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundChronic cough can be triggered by respiratory and non-respiratory tract illnesses originating mainly from the upper and lower airways, and the GI tract (ie, reflux). Recent findings suggest it can also be a prominent feature in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), laryngeal hyperresponsiveness, and COVID-19. The classification of chronic cough is constantly updated but lacks clear definition. Epidemiological data on the prevalence of chronic cough are informative but highly variable. The underlying mechanism of chronic cough is a neurogenic inflammation of the cough reflex which becomes hypersensitive, thus the term hypersensitive cough reflex (HCR). A current challenge is to decipher how various infectious and inflammatory airway diseases and esophageal reflux, among others, modulate HCR.

objectivesThe World Allergy Organization/Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (WAO/ARIA) Joint Committee on Chronic Cough reviewed the current literature on classification, epidemiology, presenting features, and mechanistic pathways of chronic cough in airway- and reflux-related cough phenotypes, OSA, and COVID-19. The interplay of cough reflex sensitivity with other pathogenic mechanisms inherent to airway and reflux-related inflammatory conditions was also analyzed. OUTCOMES: Currently, it is difficult to clearly ascertain true prevalence rates in epidemiological studies of chronic cough phenotypes. This is likely due to lack of standardized objective measures needed for cough classification and frequent coexistence of multi-organ cough origins. Notwithstanding, we emphasize the important role of HCR as a mechanistic trigger in airway- and reflux-related cough phenotypes. Other concomitant mechanisms can also modulate HCR, including type2/Th1/Th2 inflammation, presence or absence of deep inspiration-bronchoprotective reflex (lower airways), tissue remodeling, and likely cough plasticity, among others.

Indexed as

Cough phenotypesCOVID 19Lower airway diseaseMultifactorial coughObstructive sleep apneaReflux-coughType 2 inflammationUpper airway cough syndrome

Identifiers

PMID34963794
PMCPMC8666560
OpenAlexW3217141119

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.