ArticleWorld journal of gastroenterology2021
Chronic rejection after liver transplantation: Opening the Pandora's box.
Article in World journal of gastroenterology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 51 citations in OpenAlex.
- Role of mTOR Inhibitors in Pediatric Liver Transplant Recipients: A Systematic Review.Paediatric drugs · 2024Pooled it
- Network meta-analysis of pharmacological treatment for antibody-mediated rejection after organ transplantation.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Pooled it
- Advances in liver transplantation for hepatic malignancies.Hepatic oncology · 2026Review
- Single Cell Multi-Omics Revealing the Important Role of MR1 Mediated MAIT Cells in Maintaining Rejection for Liver Transplantation.Cell proliferation · 2026Article
- Factors Associated with Immunosuppressive Adherence in Liver Transplant Recipients Treated with Once- and Twice-Daily Tacrolimus.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Article
- A comprehensive review on the role of PM2.5 in modulating transplant immunity and graft survival.Particle and fibre toxicology · 2026Review
- Pilot Study on Dynamic Long-Axial Field-of-View [Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Mechanistic insights into neutrophil involvement in liver transplant ischemia-reperfusion injury and rejection.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Vascular Remodeling in Chronic Rejection: Insights into Transplant Vasculopathy Across Solid Organ Allografts.Results and problems in cell differentiation · 2026Review
- Chronic Liver Allograft Rejection: Histopathological Insights and Future Directions.Results and problems in cell differentiation · 2026Review
- Regulatory dendritic cells and their usefulness in mitigating solid organ transplant rejection.Clinical transplantation and research · 2025Review
- Increased risk of rejection in liver transplant recipients with a history of malabsorptive bariatric surgery.World journal of transplantation · 2025Article
- The post-surgical liver: is application of treatment response assessment within the CEUS LI-RADS framework possible?Abdominal radiology (New York) · 2025Article
- Early Conversion to Once-Daily MeltDoseJournal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
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- Ex vivo machine perfusion as a platform for lentiviral gene delivery in rat livers.Gene therapy · 2025Article
- Diagnostic and predictive biomarkers of acute rejection after liver transplantation.International journal of surgery (London, England) · 2025Review
- Where Are All the Clinical Trials for Chronic Rejection?Transplantation · 2025Article
- The Varying Histology of Hepatic Sarcoidosis and the Relation of Bile Duct Damage and Loss to the Presence of Portal Hypertension and Cirrhosis.Gastro hep advances · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Chronic rejection (CR) of liver allografts causes damage to intrahepatic vessels and bile ducts and may lead to graft failure after liver transplantation. Although its prevalence has declined steadily with the introduction of potent immunosuppressive therapy, CR still represents an important cause of graft injury, which might be irreversible, leading to graft loss requiring re-transplantation. To date, we still do not fully appreciate the mechanisms underlying this process. In addition to T cell-mediated CR, which was initially the only recognized type of CR, recently a new form of liver allograft CR, antibody-mediated CR, has been identified. This has indeed opened an era of thriving research and renewed interest in the field. Liver biopsy is needed for a definitive diagnosis of CR, but current research is aiming to identify new non-invasive tools for predicting patients at risk for CR after liver transplantation. Moreover, the minimization or withdrawal of immunosuppressive therapy might influence the establishment of subclinical CR-related injury, which should not be disregarded. Therapies for CR may only be effective in the "early" phases, and a tailored management of the immunosuppression regimen is essential for preventing irreversible liver damage. Herein, we provide an overview of the current knowledge and research on CR, focusing on early detection, identification of non-invasive biomarkers, immunosuppressive management, re-transplantation and future perspectives of CR.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.