ArticleCerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)2022
The eyes reflect an internal cognitive state hidden in the population activity of cortical neurons.
Article in Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Redundant prefrontal hemispheres adapt storage strategy to working memory demands.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Brain-wide arousal signals are segregated from movement planning in the superior colliculus of the macaque.eLife · 2026Article
- Linking reaction time variability to physiological markers of arousal across timescales.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Neural Dynamics in Extrastriate Cortex Underlying False Alarms.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2025Article
- Pupillary Responses Reflect Dynamic Changes in Multiple Cognitive Factors During Associative Learning in Primates.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2024Article
- Reply to van Ede: Pulling on the threads of microsaccades and attention: What's left?Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- Pupil Dilation and Microsaccades Provide Complementary Insights into the Dynamics of Arousal and Instantaneous Attention during Effortful Listening.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2023Article
- Microsaccades are directed toward the midpoint between targets in a variably cued attention task.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- Dynamic attention signalling in V4: Relation to fast-spiking/non-fast-spiking cell class and population coupling.The European journal of neuroscience · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Decades of research have shown that global brain states such as arousal can be indexed by measuring the properties of the eyes. The spiking responses of neurons throughout the brain have been associated with the pupil, small fixational saccades, and vigor in eye movements, but it has been difficult to isolate how internal states affect the eyes, and vice versa. While recording from populations of neurons in the visual and prefrontal cortex (PFC), we recently identified a latent dimension of neural activity called "slow drift," which appears to reflect a shift in a global brain state. Here, we asked if slow drift is correlated with the action of the eyes in distinct behavioral tasks. We recorded from visual cortex (V4) while monkeys performed a change detection task, and PFC, while they performed a memory-guided saccade task. In both tasks, slow drift was associated with the size of the pupil and the microsaccade rate, two external indicators of the internal state of the animal. These results show that metrics related to the action of the eyes are associated with a dominant and task-independent mode of neural activity that can be accessed in the population activity of neurons across the cortex.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.