SynthesisPloS one2021
Epidemiological evidence relating risk factors to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in China: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy of fasudil in COPD-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Identifying risk factors for COPD and adult-onset asthma: an umbrella review.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2023Pooled it
- Association Between Low Chinese Visceral Adiposity Index Values and Chronic Lung Disease in Older Adults: Cohort Study.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2026Article
- The Multidimensional Burden of COPD in China: A Propensity Score-Matched Comparison with Other Prevalent Non-Communicable Diseases.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2026Article
- Clinical characteristics and outcomes of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients with family history of chronic airway disease.Annals of medicine · 2025Article
- Investing in Primary Care to Reduce the Burden of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.China CDC weekly · 2025Article
- Geriatric nutritional risk index as a predictor of mortality in women with chronic inflammatory airway disease: evidence from NHANES 1999-2018.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Differences in Airway Remodeling and Emphysematous Lesions between Rats Exposed to Smoke from New-Type and Conventional Tobacco Varieties.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Association between nutrition-related indicators with the risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and all-cause mortality in the elderly population: evidence from NHANES.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Article
- Early Diagnosis of High-Risk Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Based on Quantitative High-Resolution Computed Tomography Measurements.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2023Article
- Trends in the Burden of COPD Attributable to Ambient PMRisk management and healthcare policy · 2023Article
- Global trends in smoking cessation research from 2002 to 2021: A bibliometric and visual analysis.Preventive medicine reports · 2022Article
- High-Density Lipoproteins: A Role in Inflammation in COPD.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- COPD Unveiled: Insights from Dwellers along a Busy Highway in Kattankulathur Block.Indian journal of community medicine : official publication of Indian Association of Preventive & Social MedicineArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the most common chronic respiratory disease worldwide, not only leads to the decline of pulmonary function and quality of life consecutively, but also has become a major economic burden on individuals, families, and society in China. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to explore the risk factors for developing COPD in the Chinese population that resides in China and to provide a theoretical basis for the early prevention of COPD.
methodsA total of 2457 cross-sectional, case-control, and cohort studies published related to risk factors for COPD in China were searched. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 20 articles were selected. Stata 11.0 was used for meta-analysis. After merging the data, the pooled effect and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to assess the association between risk factors and COPD. Heterogeneity between studies was assessed using I2 and Cochran's Q tests. Begg's test was used to assess publication bias.
resultsExposure to particulate matter less than 2.5 μm in diameter (PM2.5) (pooled effect = 1.73; 95%CI: 1.16~2.58; P <0.01), smoking history (pooled effect = 2.58; 95%CI: 2.00~3.32; P <0.01), passive smoking history (pooled effect = 1.39; 95%CI: 1.03~1.87; P = 0.03), male sex(pooled effect = 1.70; 95%CI: 1.31~2.22; P <0.01), body mass index (BMI) <18.5 kg/m2 (pooled effect = 1.73; 95%CI: 1.32~2.25; P <0.01), exposure to biomass burning emissions (pooled effect = 1.65; 95%CI: 1.32~2.06; P <0.01), childhood respiratory infections (pooled effect = 3.44; 95%CI: 1.33~8.90; P = 0.01), residence (pooled effect = 1.24; 95%CI: 1.09~1.42; P <0.01), and a family history of respiratory diseases (pooled effect = 2.04; 95%CI: 1.53~2.71; P <0.01) were risk factors for COPD in the Chinese population.
conclusionEarly prevention of COPD could be accomplished by quitting smoking, reducing exposure to air pollutants and biomass burning emissions, maintaining body mass index between 18.5 kg/m2 and 28 kg/m2, protecting children from respiratory infections, adopting active treatments to children with respiratory diseases, and conducting regular screening for those with family history of respiratory diseases.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.