ArticlePLoS computational biology2021
Dissociable influences of reward and punishment on adaptive cognitive control.
Article in PLoS computational biology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed.
- Motivation to exert effort dynamically adapts to reward context and environmental controllability.Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience · 2026Article
- Diverging influences of punishment motivation and negative affect on cognitive control.Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience · 2026Article
- Multimodal EEG and Eye-Tracking Assessment of Perceived Mental Workload and Situation Awareness in a Visual Display Terminal Simulation Task.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Control adjustment costs limit goal flexibility: Empirical evidence and a computational account.Psychological review · 2026Article
- The neurocomputational mechanisms underlying the impact of social comparison on effort investment.Communications biology · 2026Article
- Linear and nonlinear effects of Spatial and Temporal attention: human data and drift diffusion model.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Learning expectations shape cognitive control allocation.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- How cortico-basal ganglia-thalamic subnetworks can shift decision policies to increase reward rate.PLoS computational biology · 2025Article
- Neurocomputational mechanisms underlying the distinct motivational influences of reward and punishment on cognitive control.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Slower transitions between control states lead to reductions in cognitive flexibility over the lifespan.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Striatal dopamine can enhance both fast working memory, and slow reinforcement learning, while reducing implicit effort cost sensitivity.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Cognitive Control After ACL Reconstruction: A Cross-Sectional Study on Impaired Proactive Inhibition Compared to Healthy Controls.Brain sciences · 2025Article
- An inverted U-shaped relationship between chronic stress and the motivation to expend effort for reward.Neurobiology of stress · 2025Article
- Cognitive Control.Annual review of psychology · 2025Review
- The affective gradient hypothesis: an affect-centered account of motivated behavior.Trends in cognitive sciences · 2024Review
- Neural and Computational Mechanisms of Motivation and Decision-making.Journal of cognitive neuroscience · 2024Article
- Make or Break: The Influence of Expected Challenges and Rewards on the Motivation and Experience Associated with Cognitive Effort Exertion.Journal of cognitive neuroscience · 2024Article
- Make or break: The influence of expected challenges and rewards on the motivation and experience associated with cognitive effort exertion.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Orthogonal neural encoding of targets and distractors supports multivariate cognitive control.Nature human behaviour · 2024Article
- Humans reconfigure target and distractor processing to address distinct task demands.Psychological review · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
To invest effort into any cognitive task, people must be sufficiently motivated. Whereas prior research has focused primarily on how the cognitive control required to complete these tasks is motivated by the potential rewards for success, it is also known that control investment can be equally motivated by the potential negative consequence for failure. Previous theoretical and experimental work has yet to examine how positive and negative incentives differentially influence the manner and intensity with which people allocate control. Here, we develop and test a normative model of control allocation under conditions of varying positive and negative performance incentives. Our model predicts, and our empirical findings confirm, that rewards for success and punishment for failure should differentially influence adjustments to the evidence accumulation rate versus response threshold, respectively. This dissociation further enabled us to infer how motivated a given person was by the consequences of success versus failure.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.