ArticleViruses2021
Microarray-Based Detection of Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 Proteins, Common Respiratory Viruses and Type I Interferons.
Article in Viruses, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Anti-interferon Auto-antibodies in Infectious Diseases.Journal of clinical immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Safety and efficacy of convalescent plasma for severe COVID-19: a randomized, single blinded, parallel, controlled clinical study.BMC infectious diseases · 2022Trial
- High prevalence of autoantibodies neutralizing type I IFNs in Japanese patients with hepatitis C.Journal of human immunity · 2026Article
- Autoantibodies neutralizing type I interferons in COVID-19 patients from southern Brazil.Journal of human immunity · 2026Article
- Autoantibodies neutralizing type I IFNs in patients with fulminant herpes simplex virus hepatitis.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2026Article
- Type I IFN autoantibodies underlie chikungunya live-attenuated vaccine encephalitis.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Auto-Abs against type I IFNs: Strong, common, and global determinants of severe arboviral diseases.Journal of human immunity · 2026Review
- Auto-antibodies neutralizing type I interferons in ~10% of Moroccan patients with life-threatening COVID-19.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- The seven enigmas of SARS-CoV-2: from the past to the future.Journal of human immunity · 2025Article
- Prevalence and association of type I IFN autoantibodies with clinical outcomes in critically ill Brazilian COVID-19 patients.Journal of human immunity · 2025Article
- Auto-Abs neutralizing type I IFNs in patients with severe Powassan, Usutu, or Ross River virus disease.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2024Article
- Incontinentia pigmenti underlies thymic dysplasia, autoantibodies to type I IFNs, and viral diseases.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2024Article
- A sensitive assay for measuring whole-blood responses to type I IFNs.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- In search of a function for human type III interferons: insights from inherited and acquired deficits.Current opinion in immunology · 2024Review
- Prevalence of Neutralizing Autoantibodies Against Type I Interferon in a Multicenter Cohort of Severe or Critical COVID-19 Cases in Shanghai.Journal of clinical immunology · 2024Article
- Human autoantibodies neutralizing type I IFNs: From 1981 to 2023.Immunological reviews · 2024Review
- Higher COVID-19 pneumonia risk associated with anti-IFN-α than with anti-IFN-ω auto-Abs in children.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2024Article
- Role of autoantibodies targeting interferon type 1 in COVID-19 severity: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of translational autoimmunity · 2023Article
- Human Genomics of COVID-19 Pneumonia: Contributions of Rare and Common Variants.Annual review of biomedical data science · 2023Review
- Autoantibodies Neutralizing Type I IFNs in the Bronchoalveolar Lavage of at Least 10% of Patients During Life-Threatening COVID-19 Pneumonia.Journal of clinical immunology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
A microarray-based assay to detect IgG and IgM antibodies against betacoronaviruses (SARS-CoV-2, SARS, MERS, OC43, and HKU1), other respiratory viruses and type I interferons (IFN-Is) was developed. This multiplex assay was applied to track antibody cross-reactivity due to previous contact with similar viruses and to identify antibodies against IFN-Is as the markers for severe COVID-19. In total, 278 serum samples from convalescent plasma donors, COVID-19 patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) and patients who recovered from mild/moderate COVID-19, vaccine recipients, prepandemic and pandemic patients with autoimmune endocrine disorders, and a heterogeneous prepandemic cohort including healthy individuals and chronically ill patients were analyzed. The anti-SARS-CoV-2 microarray results agreed well with the ELISA results. Regarding ICU patients, autoantibodies against IFN-Is were detected in 10.5% of samples, and 10.5% of samples were found to simultaneously contain IgM antibodies against more than two different viruses. Cross-reactivity between IgG against the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid and IgG against the OC43 and HKU1 spike proteins was observed, resulting in positive signals for the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid in prepandemic samples from patients with autoimmune endocrine disorders. The presence of IgG against the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid in the absence of IgG against the SARS-CoV-2 spike RBD should be interpreted with caution.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.