ReviewViruses2021
Why the HIV Reservoir Never Runs Dry: Clonal Expansion and the Characteristics of HIV-Infected Cells Challenge Strategies to Cure and Control HIV Infection.
Review in Viruses, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05419024 (Imaging and Biopsy of People With HIV-1 Undergoing Analytic Treatment Interruption), which is not on this map. Cited by 30 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Imaging and Biopsy of People With HIV-1 Undergoing Analytic Treatment Interruption
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- Virological outcomes of third-line antiretroviral therapy in a global context: a systematic reviews and meta-analysis.AIDS research and therapy · 2024Pooled it
- Brain viral reservoir seeding and neurological metabolic dysregulation in early-life immunodeficiency virus infection.Brain pathology (Zurich, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Effect of Timing and Duration of ART on the Composition of HIV Reservoirs: Implications for HIV Cure Strategies.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2026Review
- Viral reservoir seeding and neurological metabolic dysregulation in early-life immunodeficiency virus infection.Research square · 2025Article
- Anti-HIV-1 HSPC-based gene therapy with safety kill switch to defend against and attack HIV-1 infection.Molecular therapy. Methods & clinical development · 2025Article
- Establishment and evaluation of a predictive model for immune reconstitution in people living with HIV after antiretroviral therapy.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- PET imaging of HIV-1 envelope protein gp120 usingiScience · 2025Article
- Barcoded HIV-1 reveals viral persistence driven by clonal proliferation and distinct epigenetic patterns.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Double, double toil and trouble: transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) in HIV infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Viral and immune predictors of HIV posttreatment control.Current opinion in HIV and AIDS · 2025Review
- The heart of the matter: modeling HIV-associated cardiovascular comorbidities in nonhuman primate models.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
- Assessing advances in three decades of clinical antiretroviral therapy on the HIV-1 reservoir.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2024Article
- The challenges to detect, quantify, and characterize viral reservoirs in the current antiretroviral era.NeuroImmune pharmacology and therapeutics · 2024Review
- Spatial technologies to evaluate the HIV-1 reservoir and its microenvironment in the lymph node.mBio · 2024Review
- Review
- The Effects of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) Antigen-Expanded Specific T-Cell Therapy and Vorinostat on Persistent HIV-1 Infection in People With HIV on Antiretroviral Therapy.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Article
- In vivo selection of anti-HIV-1 gene-modified human hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells to enhance engraftment and HIV-1 inhibition.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2024Article
- Article
- Editorial: HIV Latency: novel insights into the viral reservoir and therapeutic strategies.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) effectively reduces cycles of viral replication but does not target proviral populations in cells that persist for prolonged periods and that can undergo clonal expansion. Consequently, chronic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is sustained during ART by a reservoir of long-lived latently infected cells and their progeny. This proviral landscape undergoes change over time on ART. One of the forces driving change in the landscape is the clonal expansion of infected CD4 T cells, which presents a key obstacle to HIV eradication. Potential mechanisms of clonal expansion include general immune activation, antigenic stimulation, homeostatic proliferation, and provirus-driven clonal expansion, each of which likely contributes in varying, and largely unmeasured, amounts to maintaining the reservoir. The role of clinical events, such as infections or neoplasms, in driving these mechanisms remains uncertain, but characterizing these forces may shed light on approaches to effectively eradicate HIV. A limited number of individuals have been cured of HIV infection in the setting of bone marrow transplant; information from these and other studies may identify the means to eradicate or control the virus without ART. In this review, we describe the mechanisms of HIV-1 persistence and clonal expansion, along with the attempts to modify these factors as part of reservoir reduction and cure strategies.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.