ArticleViruses2021
Evolutionary Dynamics of Type 2 Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus by Whole-Genome Analysis.
Article in Viruses, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Genetic Diversity, Phylogenetic Lineages, and Antigenic Features of the PRRSV-1 GP5 Gene in China.Microorganisms · 2026Article
- Genetic Evolution and Molecular Characterization of PRRSV GP5 in Germany.Veterinary sciences · 2026Article
- Signal peptide cleavage and ectodomain regions of GP2 are required for PRRSV infection.The Journal of general virology · 2026Article
- Reevaluating PRRSV-induced respiratory distress: beyond interstitial pneumonia to pulmonary surfactant dysfunction and airway obstruction.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Translating viral genetic data to PRRSV-2 cross-neutralization using machine learning.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Article
- The multifaceted role of ferroptosis in infection and injury and its nutritional regulation in pigs.Journal of animal science and biotechnology · 2025Review
- Emergence of a PRRSV Strain Recombined From Two Modified-Live Virus Vaccines and Its Elimination From a Breeding Herd.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2025Article
- Prevalence and genetic diversity ofFrontiers in veterinary science · 2025Article
- Comparative Genomic and Biological Investigation of NADC30- and NADC34-Like PRRSV Strains Isolated in South Korea.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2025Article
- Experimental evidence of vaccine-driven evolution of respiratory syndrome virus type 2.Virus evolution · 2025Article
- Mechanism of PRRSV infection and antiviral role of polyphenols.Virulence · 2024Review
- A chimeric strain of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus 2 derived from HP-PRRSV and NADC30-like PRRSV confers cross-protection against both strains.Veterinary research · 2024Article
- Article
- Genomic surveillance and evolutionary dynamics of type 2 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in China spanning the African swine fever outbreak.Virus evolution · 2024Article
- Reverse genetics construction and pathogenicity of a novel recombinant NADC30-like PRRSV isolated in China.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Article
- Rapid PRRSV-2 ORF5-based lineage classification using Nextclade.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Article
- Unfolding of an RNA G-quadruplex motif in the negative strand genome of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus by host and viral helicases to promote viral replication.Nucleic acids research · 2023Article
- Genomic similarity and antibody-dependent enhancement of immune serum potentially affect the protective efficacy of commercial MLV vaccines against NADC30-like PRRSV.Virologica Sinica · 2023Article
- Research Progress on Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus NSP7 Protein.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), an important pathogen in the swine industry, is a genetically highly diverse RNA virus. However, the phylogenetic and genomic recombination properties of this virus are not yet fully understood. In this study, we performed an integrated analysis of all available whole-genome sequences of type 2 PRRSV (n = 901) to reveal its evolutionary dynamics. The results showed that there were three distinct phylogenetic lineages of PRRSV in their distribution patterns. We identified that sublineage 2.7 (L2.7), associated with a NADC30 cluster, had the highest substitution rate and higher viral genetic diversity, and inter-lineage recombination is observed more frequently in L2.7 PRRSV compared to other sublineages. Most inter-lineage recombination events detected are observed between L2.7 PRRSVs (as major parents) and L3.4 (a JXA1-R-related cluster)/L3.7 (a WUH3-related cluster) PRRSVs (as minor parents). Moreover, the recombination hotspots are located in the structural protein gene ORF2 and ORF4, or in the non-structural protein gene nsp7. In addition, a GM2-related cluster, L3.2, shows inconsistent recombination modes compared to those of L2.7, suggesting that it may have undergone extensive and unique recombination in their evolutionary history. We also identified several amino acids under positive selection in GP2, GP4 and GP5, the major glycoproteins of PRRSV, showing the driving force behind adaptive evolution. Taken together, our results provide new insights into the evolutionary dynamics of PPRSV that contribute to our understanding of the critical factors involved in its evolution and guide future efforts to develop effective preventive measures against PRRSV.
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