ArticleViruses2021
SARS-CoV-2 ORF3a Induces Incomplete Autophagy via the Unfolded Protein Response.
Article in Viruses, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- BST-2 inhibits SARS-CoV-2 egress at intracellular membranes and is neutralized by ORF7a.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- A Focus on Natural Autophagy Modulators as Potential Host-Directed Weapons Against Emerging and Re-Emerging Viruses.Medicinal research reviews · 2025Review
- SARS-CoV-2 ORF3a drives dynamic dense body formation for optimal viral infectivity.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Targeting SIRT1: A Potential Strategy for Combating Severe COVID-19.BioMed research international · 2025Review
- The innate immune response in SARS-CoV2 infection: focus on toll-like receptor 4 in severe disease outcomes.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- A portrait of the infected cell: how SARS-CoV-2 infection reshapes cellular processes and pathways.Npj viruses · 2024Review
- Is Autophagy a Friend or Foe in SARS-CoV-2 Infection?Viruses · 2024Review
- Post-Acute Sequelae and Mitochondrial Aberration in SARS-CoV-2 Infection.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Insights into the Activation of Unfolded Protein Response Mechanism during Coronavirus Infection.Current issues in molecular biology · 2024Review
- Protein Quality Control Systems and ER Stress as Key Players in SARS-CoV-2-Induced Neurodegeneration.Cells · 2024Review
- SARS-CoV-2-ORF3a variant Q57H reduces its pro-apoptotic activity in host cells.F1000Research · 2024Article
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- SARS-CoV-2 nonstructural protein 6 triggers endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced autophagy to degrade STING1.Autophagy · 2023Article
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- Review
- The unfolded protein response components IRE1α and XBP1 promote human coronavirus infection.mBio · 2023Article
- Article
- Article
- Channel activity of SARS-CoV-2 viroporin ORF3a inhibited by adamantanes and phenolic plant metabolites.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
In the past year and a half, SARS-CoV-2 has caused 240 million confirmed cases and 5 million deaths worldwide. Autophagy is a conserved process that either promotes or inhibits viral infections. Although coronaviruses are known to utilize the transport of autophagy-dependent vesicles for the viral life cycle, the underlying autophagy-inducing mechanisms remain largely unexplored. Using several autophagy-deficient cell lines and autophagy inhibitors, we demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 ORF3a was able to induce incomplete autophagy in a FIP200/Beclin-1-dependent manner. Moreover, ORF3a was involved in the induction of the UPR (unfolded protein response), while the IRE1 and ATF6 pathways, but not the PERK pathway, were responsible for mediating the ORF3a-induced autophagy. These results identify the role of the UPR pathway in the ORF3a-induced classical autophagy process, which may provide us with a better understanding of SARS-CoV-2 and suggest new therapeutic modalities in the treatment of COVID-19.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.