ArticleViruses2021
An Outbreak in Pigeons Caused by the Subgenotype VI.2.1.2 of Newcastle Disease Virus in Brazil.
Article in Viruses, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Fatal Infection with Dengue Virus and Avian Orthoavulavirus 1 in Traveler Returning from Saudi Arabia to France, 2025.Emerging infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Pigeon employs a conserved IRF7 gene to mediate innate immune response.Poultry science · 2026Article
- Genetic Diversity of Newcastle Disease Virus and Its Implications for Vaccine Development.Veterinary sciences · 2025Review
- Two Outbreaks of Pigeon Paramyxovirus 1 With High Mortality in Captive Pigeons (Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2025Article
- Versatility of reverse transcriptase loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) from diagnosis of early pathological infection to mutation detection in organisms.Molecular biology reports · 2024Review
- Detection of Avian Orthoavulavirus-1 genotypes VI.2.1 and VII.1.1 with neuro-viscerotropic tropism in some backyard pigeons (Columbidae) in Eastern Saudi Arabia.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Article
- Emerging and Novel Viruses in Passerine Birds.Microorganisms · 2023Review
- One health clones of multidrug-resistantOne health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2023Article
- Pathologic Mechanisms of the Newcastle Disease Virus.Viruses · 2023Review
- Article
- Special Issue "Emerging Viruses 2021: Surveillance, Prevention, Evolution and Control".Viruses · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
20 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) can infect over 250 bird species with variable pathogenicity; it can also infect humans in rare cases. The present study investigated an outbreak in feral pigeons in São Paulo city, Brazil, in 2019. Affected birds displayed neurological signs, and hemorrhages were observed in different tissues. Histopathology changes with infiltration of mononuclear inflammatory cells were also found in the brain, kidney, proventriculus, heart, and spleen. NDV staining was detected by immunohistochemistry. Twenty-seven out of thirty-four tested samples (swabs and tissues) were positive for Newcastle disease virus by RT-qPCR test, targeting the M gene. One isolate, obtained from a pool of positive swab samples, was characterized by the intracerebral pathogenicity index (ICPI) and the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) tests. This isolate had an ICPI of 0.99, confirming a virulent NDV strain. The monoclonal antibody 617/161, which recognizes a distinct epitope in pigeon NDV strains, inhibited the isolate with an HI titer of 512. A complete genome of NDV was obtained using next-generation sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis based on the complete CDS F gene grouped the detected isolate with other viruses from subgenotype VI.2.1.2, class II, including one previously reported in Southern Brazil in 2014. This study reports a comprehensive characterization of the subgenotype VI.2.1.2, which seems to have been circulating in Brazilian urban areas since 2014. Due to the zoonotic risk of NDV, virus surveillance in feral pigeons should also be systematically performed in urban areas.
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