Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34960706›Full record

ArticleViruses2021

Atovaquone and Berberine Chloride Reduce SARS-CoV-2 Replication In Vitro.

Bruno A Rodriguez-Rodriguez, Maria G Noval, Maria E Kaczmarek, Kyung Ku Jang, Sara A Thannickal, Angelica Cifuentes Kottkamp, Rebecca S Brown, Margaret Kielian, Ken Cadwell, Kenneth A Stapleford

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Viruses, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
11citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

11 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Molecular Nanosolids Generation by Vapor Jet Desublimation.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2025
    Article
  2. Review
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. A Review ofMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023
    Review
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Immunomodulatory effects ofBiotechnology notes (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2022
    Article
  11. Antibacterial activity of a berberine nanoformulation.Beilstein journal of nanotechnology · 2022
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Bruno A Rodriguez-RodriguezDepartment of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
Maria G NovalDepartment of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
Maria E KaczmarekDepartment of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
Kyung Ku JangDepartment of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
Sara A ThannickalDepartment of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-7028-3507
Angelica Cifuentes KottkampDepartment of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-4103-1666
Rebecca S BrownDepartment of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
Margaret KielianDepartment of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-7395-4791
Ken CadwellDepartment of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
Kenneth A StaplefordDepartment of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.

Funding

Molecular Analysis of Alphavirus Membrane Fusion ProteinR01AI075647 · NIAID · ALBERT EINSTEIN COLLEGE OF MEDICINE, INC · PI KIELIAN, MARGARET · 2007 to 2023
$9.0M
INFECTIOUS DISEASES &BASIC MICROBIOLOGICAL MECHANISMST32AI007180 · NIAID · NEW YORK UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE · PI WEISER, JEFFREY NEAL · 1985 to 2022
$8.9M
Defining the pathway of alphavirus capsid assembly into viral particlesF32GM122450 · NIGMS · ALBERT EINSTEIN COLLEGE OF MEDICINE, INC · PI BROWN, REBECCA S · 2017 to 2018
$99k
American Heart Association 19-A0-00-1003686Charles Revson Senior Fellow in Biomedical Sciences award NACrohn's and Colitis Foundation NAEmpire Clinical Research (United States) NAHoward Hughes Medical Institute NAJudith and Stewart Colton Center of Autoimmunity NAKenneth Rainin Foundation NANational Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases R01AI075647National Research Service Award F32-GM122450NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI075647NIGMS NIH HHS F32 GM122450NIH HHS AI121244NIH HHS AI130945NIH HHS AI140754NIH HHS DK093668NIH HHS HL123340United States Public Health Service T32 AI7647
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Epidemic RNA viruses seem to arise year after year leading to countless infections and devastating disease. SARS-CoV-2 is the most recent of these viruses, but there will undoubtedly be more to come. While effective SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are being deployed, one approach that is still missing is effective antivirals that can be used at the onset of infections and therefore prevent pandemics. Here, we screened FDA-approved compounds against SARS-CoV-2. We found that atovaquone, a pyrimidine biosynthesis inhibitor, is able to reduce SARS-CoV-2 infection in human lung cells. In addition, we found that berberine chloride, a plant-based compound used in holistic medicine, was able to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection in cells through direct interaction with the virion. Taken together, these studies highlight potential avenues of antiviral development to block emerging viruses. Such proactive approaches, conducted well before the next pandemic, will be essential to have drugs ready for when the next emerging virus hits.

Indexed as

Alveolar Epithelial CellsAnimalsAntiviral AgentsAtovaquoneBerberineCell ProliferationChloridesChlorocebus aethiopsDrug SynergismHumansProguanilSARS-CoV-2Vero CellsVirionVirus ReplicationAntiviral AgentsAtovaquoneBerberineChloridesProguanilantiviralatovaquoneberberine chloridecoronavirus

Identifiers

PMID34960706
PMCPMC8706021

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.