ArticleViruses2021
Widespread Circulation of Flaviviruses in Horses and Birds in Northeastern Spain (Catalonia) between 2010 and 2019.
Article in Viruses, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Circulation and overwintering of Usutu virus lineages in north-eastern Spain: A one health perspective (2021-2025).One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2026Article
- West Nile virus transmission in the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona (Spain): A One-Health surveillance approach.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2025Article
- Ecological drivers of arboviral disease risk: Vector-host interfaces in a Mediterranean wetland of Northeastern Spain.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- Seroprevalence of West Nile, Usutu and tick-borne encephalitis viruses in equids from south-western France in 2023.Veterinary research · 2025Article
- West Nile Virus Seroprevalence in Wild Birds and Equines in Madrid Province, Spain.Veterinary sciences · 2024Article
- The effect of temperature on the boundary conditions of West Nile virus circulation in Europe.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2024Article
- Long-term serological surveillance for West Nile and Usutu virus in horses in south-West Spain.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2023Article
- Severe Neurologic Disease in a Horse Caused by Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus, Austria, 2021.Viruses · 2023Article
- Article
- West Nile, Sindbis and Usutu Viruses: Evidence of Circulation in Mosquitoes and Horses in Tunisia.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Identification of Usutu Virus Africa 3 Lineage in a Survey of Mosquitoes and Birds from Urban Areas of Western Spain.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2023Article
- West Nile virus emergence in humans in Extremadura, Spain 2020.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Article
- Experimental infections in red-legged partridges reveal differences in host competence between West Nile and Usutu virus strains from Southern Spain.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Article
- A One Health view of the West Nile virus outbreak in Andalusia (Spain) in 2020.Emerging microbes & infections · 2022Article
- High exposure of West Nile virus in equid and wild bird populations in Spain following the epidemic outbreak in 2020.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2022Article
- Spread of West Nile Virus and Usutu Virus in the German Bird Population, 2019-2020.Microorganisms · 2022Article
- Virus Infection in Equine.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2022Article
- West Nile Virus Lineage 2 Spreads Westwards in Europe and Overwinters in North-Eastern Spain (2017-2020).Viruses · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The surveillance for West Nile virus (WNV) in Catalonia (northeastern Spain) has consistently detected flaviviruses not identified as WNV. With the aim of characterizing the flaviviruses circulating in Catalonia, serum samples from birds and horses collected between 2010 and 2019 and positive by panflavivirus competition ELISA (cELISA) were analyzed by microneutralization test (MNT) against different flaviviruses. A third of the samples tested were inconclusive by MNT, highlighting the limitations of current diagnostic techniques. Our results evidenced the widespread circulation of flaviviruses, in particular WNV, but also Usutu virus (USUV), and suggest that chicken and horses could serve as sentinels for both viruses. In several regions, WNV and USUV overlapped, but no significant geographical aggregation was observed. Bagaza virus (BAGV) was not detected in birds, while positivity to tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) was sporadically detected in horses although no endemic foci were observed. So far, no human infections by WNV, USUV, or TBEV have been reported in Catalonia. However, these zoonotic flaviviruses need to be kept under surveillance, ideally within a One Health framework.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.