ArticleViruses2021
Long-Term Humoral Immune Response against SARS-CoV-2 after Natural Infection and Subsequent Vaccination According to WHO International Binding Antibody Units (BAU/mL).
Article in Viruses, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Bronchiectasis, Low IgG Levels and Lack of Vaccination are Risk Factors for Covid-19 Hospitalization in X-linked Agammaglobulinemia - A Retrospective Multicenter Study.Journal of clinical immunology · 2025Article
- A SARS-CoV-2 minimum data standard to support national serology reporting.Annals of clinical biochemistry · 2024Article
- Quantification of SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal IgG mass fraction by isotope dilution mass spectrometry.Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry · 2024Article
- Impaired humoral immunity following COVID-19 vaccination in HTLV-1 carriers.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Observational
- tANCHOR cell-based ELISA approach as a surrogate for antigen-coated plates to monitor specific IgG directed to the SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain.Biology methods & protocols · 2024Article
- Microfluidic Immuno-Serolomic Assay Reveals Systems Level Association with COVID-19 Pathology and Vaccine Protection.Small methods · 2023Article
- SIgA in various pulmonary diseases.European journal of medical research · 2023Review
- Sustained spike-specific IgG antibodies following CoronaVac (Sinovac) vaccination in sub-Saharan Africa, but increased breakthrough infections in baseline spike-naive individuals.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Optimisation and Validation of a conventional ELISA and cut-offs for detecting and quantifying anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike, RBD, and Nucleoprotein IgG, IgM, and IgA antibodies in Uganda.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Overview of Neutralization Assays and International Standard for Detecting SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibody.Viruses · 2022Review
- Recapping the Features of SARS-CoV-2 and Its Main Variants: Status and Future Paths.Journal of personalized medicine · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The new WHO reference standard allows for the definition of serum antibodies against various SARS-CoV-2 antigens in terms of binding antibody units (BAU/mL) and thus to compare the results of different ELISA systems. In this study, the concentration of antibodies (ABs) against both the S- and the N-protein of SARS-CoV-2 as well as serum neutralization activity were evaluated in three patients after a mild course of COVID-19. Serum samples were collected frequently during a period of over one year. Furthermore, in two individuals, the effects of an additional vaccination with a mRNA vaccine containing the S1-RBD sequence on these antibodies were examined. After natural infection, the antibodies (IgA, IgG) against the S1-protein remained elevated above the established cut-off to positivity (S-IgA 60 BAU/mL and S-IgG 50 BAU/mL, respectively) for over a year in all patients, while this was not the case for ABs against the N-protein (cut-off N-IgG 40 BAU/mL, N-IgA 256 BAU/mL). Sera from all patients retained the ability to neutralize SARS-CoV-2 for more than a year. Vaccination resulted in a rapid boost of antibodies to S1-protein but, as expected, not to the N-protein. Most likely, the wide use of the WHO reference preparation will be very useful in determining the individual immune status of patients after an infection with SARS-CoV-2 or after vaccination.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.