Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34960236›Full record

ReviewVaccines2021

Vaccine Technologies and Platforms for Infectious Diseases: Current Progress, Challenges, and Opportunities.

Majed Ghattas, Garima Dwivedi, Marc Lavertu, Mohamad-Gabriel Alameh

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Vaccines, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 131 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
131citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

131 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  18. Vaccine Adjuvants and Delivery Systems: A Comprehensive Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026
    Review
  19. [Use of vaccines to prevent the development of bacterial resistance].Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz · 2026
    Review
  20. Oocyte-inspired universal whole-cell vaccines against tumor heterogeneity.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
    Article

71 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Majed GhattasDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada.ORCID 0000-0001-9651-5014
Garima DwivediDepartment of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Marc LavertuDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada.
Mohamad-Gabriel AlamehDivision of Infectious Diseases, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-5672-6930

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Vaccination is a key component of public health policy with demonstrated cost-effective benefits in protecting both human and animal populations. Vaccines can be manufactured under multiple forms including, inactivated (killed), toxoid, live attenuated, Virus-like Particles, synthetic peptide, polysaccharide, polysaccharide conjugate (glycoconjugate), viral vectored (vector-based), nucleic acids (DNA and mRNA) and bacterial vector/synthetic antigen presenting cells. Several processes are used in the manufacturing of vaccines and recent developments in medical/biomedical engineering, biology, immunology, and vaccinology have led to the emergence of innovative nucleic acid vaccines, a novel category added to conventional and subunit vaccines. In this review, we have summarized recent advances in vaccine technologies and platforms focusing on their mechanisms of action, advantages, and possible drawbacks.

Indexed as

DNA vaccineinactivated vaccinelive attenuated vaccinemRNA vaccinenext generation vaccinespolysaccharide vaccinetoxoid vaccinevaccinevaccine platformsvaccine typesviral vectored vaccineVirus-like Particles

Identifiers

PMID34960236
PMCPMC8708925

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.