ReviewVaccines2021
A Systematic Review on COVID-19 Vaccine Strategies, Their Effectiveness, and Issues.
Review in Vaccines, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 47 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
47 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Global epidemiology of HIV among dialysis patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.International urology and nephrology · 2025Pooled it
- Prior infections and effectiveness of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in test-negative studies: a systematic review and meta-analysis.American journal of epidemiology · 2024Pooled it
- Effectiveness and Cost-Effectiveness of Inactivated Vaccine to Address COVID-19 Pandemic in China: Evidence From Randomized Control Trials and Real-World Studies.Frontiers in public health · 2022Pooled it
- Article
- Observational study on the safety and effectiveness of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in patients with lung cancer.ESMO real world data and digital oncology · 2025Article
- Recombinant infectious bronchitis virus containing mutations in non-structural proteins 10, 14, 15, and 16 and within the macrodomain provides complete protection against homologous challenge.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- Impact of Vaccination Status on COVID-19 Severity and Pulmonary Involvement.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Article
- Article
- Comparison of long-term anti-RBD SARS-CoV-2 antibody response following different vaccination schemes in Tunisia.La Tunisie medicale · 2024Article
- Tailoring COVID-19 Vaccination Strategies in High-Seroprevalence Settings: Insights from Ethiopia.Vaccines · 2024Article
- Safety monitoring of precautionary third dose of COVID-19 vaccines in a district in Northern India.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2024Article
- Antibody Response after Homologous and Heterologous Prime-Boost COVID-19 Vaccination in a Bangladeshi Residential University Cohort.Vaccines · 2024Article
- Insight into COVID-19 associated liver injury: Mechanisms, evaluation, and clinical implications.Hepatology forum · 2024Review
- Is There a Causal Link Between Acute Myocarditis and COVID-19 Vaccination: An Umbrella Review of Published Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses.Clinical Medicine Insights. Cardiology · 2024Review
- Emerging heterologous mRNA-based booster strategies within the COVID-19 vaccine landscape.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2023Article
- Effects of COVID-19 vaccine type on Guillain-Barré syndrome: Two cases and a literature review.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2023Review
- Immune Profile Determines Response to Vaccination against COVID-19 in Kidney Transplant Recipients.Vaccines · 2023Article
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Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
COVID-19 vaccines are indispensable, with the number of cases and mortality still rising, and currently no medicines are routinely available for reducing morbidity and mortality, apart from dexamethasone, although others are being trialed and launched. To date, only a limited number of vaccines have been given emergency use authorization by the US Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency. There is a need to systematically review the existing vaccine candidates and investigate their safety, efficacy, immunogenicity, unwanted events, and limitations. The review was undertaken by searching online databases, i.e., Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect, with finally 59 studies selected. Our findings showed several types of vaccine candidates with different strategies against SARS-CoV-2, including inactivated, mRNA-based, recombinant, and nanoparticle-based vaccines, are being developed and launched. We have compared these vaccines in terms of their efficacy, side effects, and seroconversion based on data reported in the literature. We found mRNA vaccines appeared to have better efficacy, and inactivated ones had fewer side effects and similar seroconversion in all types of vaccines. Overall, global variant surveillance and systematic tweaking of vaccines, coupled with the evaluation and administering vaccines with the same or different technology in successive doses along with homologous and heterologous prime-booster strategy, have become essential to impede the pandemic. Their effectiveness appreciably outweighs any concerns with any adverse events.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.