ArticleNutrients2021
Prevalence, Trends, and Socioeconomic Determinants of Coexisting Forms of Malnutrition Amongst Children under Five Years of Age in Pakistan.
Article in Nutrients, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Risk Factors of Coexisting Form of Undernutrition Among Under-5 Children in Bangladesh: Evidence From BDHS 2022 Data in a Bayesian Setting.Child: care, health and development · 2026Article
- Determinants and district-level variation in childhood undernutrition in Sindh, Pakistan: evidence from MICS 2018.BMC nutrition · 2026Article
- Prevalence and factors associated with coexisting forms of malnutrition among Malaysian children in the SEANUTS II Study.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Understanding the child malnutrition in rural India through the lens of the composite index of anthropometric failure (CIAF): evidence from NFHS-5 (2019-21).BMC public health · 2026Article
- Exploring Beyond the Cyclical Dynamics of Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene With Coexisting Forms of Malnutrition Among Children Under 5 in Pakistan.International journal of pediatrics · 2026Article
- Article
- Validation of mid-upper arm circumference against to body mass index-for-age for assessing nutritional status among school adolescents in Ethiopia.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Machine learning vs. traditional logistic regression: predictive performance and risk factor identification for child nutritional outcome in Pakistan.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Supervised machine learning for classification and prediction of stunting among under-five Egyptian children.BMC pediatrics · 2025Article
- What keeps children small, thin, and weak?: exploring the early childhood impacts of socioeconomic disadvantages in Pakistan.BMC pediatrics · 2025Article
- Prevalence and trends of coexisting forms of malnutrition and its associated factors among children aged 6-59 months in South and Southeast Asia, 1996-2022: a cross-sectional time series study.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Article
- Exploring the Potential Causal Relationship Between Health Insurance Coverage and Child Nutritional Status in Pakistan: Evidence from PDHS-2018.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Exploring under-five child malnutrition in Bangladesh: analysis using the Extended Composite Index of Anthropometric Failure (ECIAF).Public health nutrition · 2025Article
- Article
- The prevalence of malnutrition in children under 6 in Southern Iran from 2018 to 2023: a population-based study authors.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2025Article
- Wealth and regional disparities in child undernutrition: insights from national demographic and health survey.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Socio-ecological determinants of multiple anthropometric failures among under-five children: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In Pakistan, malnutrition is a chronic issue. Concerns regarding coexisting forms of malnutrition (CFM) in an individual child are emerging, as children suffering from CFM have a 4 to 12-fold higher risk of death compared with healthy children. This study assessed the prevalence, trends, and socioeconomic determinants of various types of CFM using Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey (PDHS) datasets. Data from children aged 0-5 years old, with complete height and weight information, and valid anthropometry, from all regions of Pakistan (except residents of Azad Jammu Kashmir (AJK) and Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA), and non-de jure residents), were included. The prevalence of CFM was 30.6% in 2012-2013 and 21.5% in 2017-2018 PDHS. Both PDHSs reported a significantly higher prevalence of CFM in Sindh and Baluchistan compared with other regions of Pakistan. Improved socioeconomic status significantly reduced the odds of various types of CFM, except the coexistence of underweight with wasting. The high prevalence of CFM in Pakistan can be averted by multisectoral collaboration and by integrating nutrition-sensitive and nutrition-specific interventions.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.