Trial reportNutrients2021
Dose-Response of Paraxanthine on Cognitive Function: A Double Blind, Placebo Controlled, Crossover Trial.
Trial report in Nutrients, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07495592 (The Acute Effects of Onnit Alpha Brain on Cognition and Mood States), which is not on this map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Acute Effects of Onnit Alpha Brain on Cognition and Mood States: A Randomized, Crossover, Double Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparative effects of caffeine and paraxanthine on rowing performance and sleep quality: a randomized crossover study.Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2026Trial
- Effects of six weeks of guanidinoacetic acid supplementation with and without creatine monohydrate on cognitive function and markers of health in healthy adults.Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2026Trial
- Effects of creatine supplementation with and without exercise and diet intervention on body composition, cognitive function, and markers of health in middle-aged and older adults.Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2026Trial
- Paraxanthine provides greater improvement in cognitive function than caffeine after performing a 10-km run.Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2024Trial
- Effects of Supplementation with a Microalgae Extract fromNutrients · 2024Trial
- Trial
- Identification and Validation of Candidate Biomarkers Co-expressed with Creatine Metabolism-Related Genes in Ischemic Stroke Based on Transcriptomics Data.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Article
- Promising benefits of six-monthFrontiers in aging · 2025Article
- Body fat percentage is a key factor in elevated plasma levels of caffeine and its metabolite in women.PeerJ · 2025Article
- Article
- Study on Urinary Caffeine and Caffeine Metabolite Levels in American Adults with Coronary Heart Disease: A Cross-Sectional NHANES Study (2009-2014).Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia · 2025Article
- Association of serum metabolites with frailty phenotype and its components: a cross-sectional case-control study.Biogerontology · 2024Article
- Paraxanthine enhances memory and neuroplasticity more than caffeine in rats.Experimental brain research · 2024Article
- Association between urinary caffeine and caffeine metabolites and stroke in American adults: a cross-sectional study from the NHANES, 2009-2014.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Paraxanthine safety and comparison to caffeine.Frontiers in toxicology · 2023Article
- Risk factors associated with augmented renal clearance in a mixed intensive care unit population: a retrospective study.International journal of clinical pharmacy · 2022Observational
- Effects of Acute Ashwagandha Ingestion on Cognitive Function.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Paraxanthine Supplementation Increases Muscle Mass, Strength, and Endurance in Mice.Nutrients · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
16 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Paraxanthine (PXN) is a metabolite of caffeine that has recently been reported to enhance cognition at a dose of 200 mg.
objectiveTo determine the acute and short-term (7-day) effects of varying doses of PXN on cognitive function and side effects.
methodsIn a double blind, placebo-controlled, crossover, and counterbalanced manner, 12 healthy male and female volunteers (22.7 ± 4 years, 165 ± 7 cm, 66.5 ± 11 kg, 24.4 ± 3 kg/m
resultsThe Sternberg Task Test (STT) 4-Letter Length Present Reaction Time tended to differ among groups (
conclusionsPXN may serve as an effective nootropic agent at doses as low as 50 mg.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.