Trial reportNutrients2021
Efficacy of 4.0 mg versus 0.4 mg Folic Acid Supplementation on the Reproductive Outcomes: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
Trial report in Nutrients, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Global folate deficiency among adolescent girls: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2026Pooled it
- Role of preconception nutrition supplements in maternal anemia and intrauterine growth: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Folic acid supplementation during preconception period in sub-Saharan African countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2025Pooled it
- Folic acid supplementation and prevention of adverse offspring outcomes among women with epilepsy: An observational study.Epilepsia · 2026Observational
- Timing of high-dose folic acid supplementation in the periconceptional period among women taking antiseizure medications and risk of major congenital anomalies: a target trial emulation.Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry · 2026Article
- Factors associated with preterm birth and low birth weight among infants with congenital heart disease in Changsha City, China, 2022-2024.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- The roles of folate, MTHFR genetics, vitamin B12 in pregnancy outcomes.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Review
- Randomized controlled trial of 4.0 mg versus 0.4 mg folic acid supplementation: Follow-up of children at 1 year of age.European journal of obstetrics & gynecology and reproductive biology: X · 2025Article
- Use of antianemics in prenatal care: A population cohort from a capital city in the North region of Brazil.Preventive medicine reports · 2023Article
- Potentiality Assessment of the Acetylcholinesterase-Inhibitory Activity of Olive Oil with an Additive Edible Insect Powder.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Pregnancy Intention, Changes in Pregnancy Intention, and Pregnancy Incidence Among Female Nurses in North America.JAMA network open · 2023Article
- The role of maternal choline, folate and one-carbon metabolism in mediating the impact of prenatal alcohol exposure on placental and fetal development.The Journal of physiology · 2023Review
- Article
- Advances in the prevention and prenatal treatment of spina bifida.Discoveries (Craiova, Romania)Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 7 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Folic acid (FA) supplementation prevents neural tube defects (NTDs), but the effects on other reproductive outcomes are unclear. While common recommendation is 0.4 mg/day in addition to regular nutrition, the most appropriate dose of FA is still under debate. We investigated the effects of a higher dose of periconception FA on reducing adverse reproductive outcomes. In this multicenter double-blind randomized controlled trial (RCT), 1060 women (aged 18-44 years and planning a pregnancy) were randomly assigned to receive 4.0 mg or 0.4 mg of FA daily. The primary outcome was the occurrence of congenital malformations (CMs). A composite outcome including one or more adverse pregnancy outcomes was also evaluated. A total of 431 women had a natural conception within 1 year. The primary outcome occurred in 8/227 (3.5%) women receiving 4.0 mg FA and 9/204 (4.4%) women receiving 0.4 mg FA (RR 0.80; 95%CI 0.31 to 2.03). The composite outcome occurred in 43/227 (18.9%) women receiving 4.0 mg FA and 75/204 (36.8%) women receiving 0.4 mg FA (RR 0.51; 95%CI 0.40 to 0.68). FA 4.0 mg supplementation was not associated with different occurrence of CMs, compared to FA 0.4 mg supplementation. However, FA 4.0 mg supplementation was associated with lower occurrence of other adverse pregnancy outcomes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.