ArticleNutrients2021
Exclusive Breastfeeding Protects Young Children from Stunting in a Low-Income Population: A Study from Eastern Indonesia.
Article in Nutrients, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 118 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Conditional and Unconditional Social Transfers, Early-Life Nutrition, and Child Growth: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA pediatrics · 2025Trial
- Preconception Maternal Mentoring for Improved Fetal Growth among Indonesian Women: Results from a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial.Nutrients · 2023Trial
- Breastfeeding practices and attitudes among women in West Sumatra, Indonesia.Nutrition and health · 2026Article
- Correlation of body mass index and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels with advanced bone age in children from northwest China: a cross-sectional study.Translational pediatrics · 2026Article
- Determinants of stunting among Indonesian children: a cross-sectional study on the role of child, maternal, and vaccination factors.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Article
- Untargeted Metabolomics Analysis of Human Milk from Breastfeeding Bangladeshi Women Reveals Amino Acid Metabolic Pathways Associated with Maternal Nutritional Status and Infant Growth.The Journal of nutrition · 2026Article
- Assessment of infant and child feeding index and nutritional status among children aged 6-36 months in Kabul, Afghanistan.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2026Article
- Assessment of Undernutrition Among Under 5 Children in Developing Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Health science reports · 2026Review
- Article
- Validating self-reported exclusive breastfeeding in Eswatini using stable isotope techniques.PloS one · 2026Article
- Analysis of Factors Associated with Stunting in Toddlers: A Mixed Methods Study in Banten, Indonesia.Acta medica Philippina · 2026Article
- Understanding Stunting: Impact, Causes, and Strategy to Accelerate Stunting Reduction-A Narrative Review.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Article
- Mixed Methods Studies on Breastfeeding: A Scoping Review.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Prevalence and associated risk factors of stunting too early: analysis of the 2020 Rwanda demographic and health survey.BMJ nutrition, prevention & health · 2025Article
- The forgotten link: how the oral microbiome shapes childhood growth and development.Frontiers in oral health · 2025Review
- Levels, severity, and determinants of stunting in children 0-59 months in Afghanistan: Secondary analysis of Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey, 2022-23.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- The Importance of Interprofessional Collaboration (IPC) Guidelines in Stunting Management in Indonesia: A Systematic Review.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Association between stunting and fecal calprotectin levels in breastfed infants living in a rural area of the Democratic Republic of the Congo: a cross sectional study.African health sciences · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The prevalence of stunting in young Indonesian children is the highest among countries belonging to the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). Breastfed children are reported to grow better than non-breastfed. The present study examined the protective effect of exclusive breastfeeding against stunting in children under two years old (CU2) and its interaction with monthly household expenditure. Secondary analyses were conducted based on a 2012 cross-sectional study including 408 children aged 6-24 months and their caregivers from 14 villages in rural Eastern Indonesia. Data on breastfeeding history, childcare, and household expenditures were collected using structured questionnaires. Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) were conducted in each village (n = 14). Nearly two-thirds (61%) of caregivers who identified as the biological mother exclusively breastfed their child at 6 months. Exclusively-breastfed CU2 from poorer households were 20% less likely to be stunted than their non-exclusively-breastfed peers. Further, exclusively-breastfed CU2 from wealthier households were 50% less likely to be stunted than non-exclusively-breastfed CU2 from poorer households. FGDs revealed that some mothers were unaware of the importance of recommended breastfeeding practices. Exclusive breastfeeding may protect low-income children against stunting. Health promotion to improve caregiver motivation to exclusively breastfeed is critical in the present setting and beyond.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.