SynthesisNutrients2021
Meta-Analysis of Carbohydrate Solution Intake during Prolonged Exercise in Adults: From the Last 45+ Years' Perspective.
Synthesis in Nutrients, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Plant-derived alginate polysaccharide hydrogels in sport and exercise nutrition: implications for carbohydrate metabolism, gastrointestinal integrity, exercise recovery, and athletic performance.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Pooled it
- Effect of Low-To-Moderate Exogenous Carbohydrate Supplementation on Time to Exhaustion During Constant Load Intense Cycling in Healthy Individuals. A Double-Blind, Randomised and Placebo-Controlled Crossover Trial.European journal of sport science · 2025Trial
- Acute ergogenic effects of repetitive maximal breath-holding maneuvers on hematological and physiological responses: a graded exercise test investigation.European journal of applied physiology · 2025Trial
- Trial
- Trial
- Self-Reported Changes in Exercise-Related Hydration Practices over a 30-Day Period in Physically Active University Students.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Carbohydrate Ingestion on Exercise Metabolism and Physical Performance.Endocrine reviews · 2026Review
- The Role of FODMAPs in Sports Nutrition: A Narrative Review and Clinical Implications.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Physical and Performance Profiles Differentiate Competitive Levels in U-18 Basketball Players.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Toward a record-eligible sub-2-hour marathon: an updated integrative framework of Physiological, technological, and cognitive determinants.European journal of applied physiology · 2026Review
- Perspectives on enhancing human performance in the heat: Is the solution to simply "just add water"?Sports medicine and health science · 2025Review
- Seasonal Changes in Performance Metrics, Hormonal, Hematological, and Biochemical Markers Among Semi-Professional Soccer Players: Implications for Training and Recovery.Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology · 2025Article
- Impact of glossopharyngeal insufflation and complete exhalation on breath-hold performance and physiological parameters in elite skin divers.European journal of applied physiology · 2025Article
- Self-reported carbohydrate supercompensation and supplementation strategies adopted by Olympic triathlon athletes.Brazilian journal of medical and biological research = Revista brasileira de pesquisas medicas e biologica · 2025Article
- Comparative Analysis of 2-Point Jump Shot and Free Throw Kinematics in High- and Low-Level U18 Male Basketball Players.Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology · 2024Article
- Nourishing Physical Productivity and Performance On a Warming Planet - Challenges and Nutritional Strategies to Mitigate Exertional Heat Stress.Current nutrition reports · 2024Review
- Exercise-Induced Central Fatigue: Biomarkers and Non-Medicinal Interventions.Aging and disease · 2024Review
- Basketball Fatigue Impact on Kinematic Parameters and 3-Point Shooting Accuracy: Insights across Players' Positions and Cardiorespiratory Fitness Associations of High-Level Players.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Acute Effects of 30 g Cyclodextrin Intake during CrossFitJournal of functional morphology and kinesiology · 2024Article
- The Effect of a Balance Training Program on the Balance and Technical Skills of Adolescent Soccer Players.Journal of sports science & medicine · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Carbohydrate (CHO) supplementation during prolonged exercise postpones fatigue. However, the optimum administration timing, dosage, type of CHO intake, and possible interaction of the ergogenic effect with athletes' cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) are not clear. Ninety-six studies (from relevant databases based on predefined eligibility criteria) were selected for meta-analysis to investigate the acute effect of ≤20% CHO solutions on prolonged exercise performance. The between-subject standardized mean difference [SMD = ([mean post-value treatment group-mean post-value control group]/pooled variance)] was assessed. Overall, SMD [95% CI] of 0.43 [0.35, 0.51] was significant (
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.