ArticlePharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)2021
Structure and Activity of a Selective Antibiofilm Peptide SK-24 Derived from the NMR Structure of Human Cathelicidin LL-37.
Article in Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Targeted Design of Novel Antimicrobial Peptides againstACS omega · 2026Article
- Aggregation-State Dynamics Drive Double Cooperativity Between Antimicrobial Peptides LL-37 and HNP1.Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 2026Article
- LL-37: Biological Mechanisms and Emerging Therapeutic Applications in Intestinal Disease.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2026Review
- Segment-Based Peptide Design Reveals the Importance of N-Terminal High Cationicity for Antimicrobial Activity Against Gram-Negative Pathogens.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2025Article
- Origami of KR-12 Designed Antimicrobial Peptides and Their Potential Applications.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Antimicrobial Properties and Cytotoxicity of LL-37-Derived Synthetic Peptides to Treat Orthopedic Infections.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Reversible female contraceptives: historical, current, and future perspectives†.Biology of reproduction · 2024Review
- Enhanced Antimicrobial Screening Sensitivity Enabled the Identification of an Ultrashort Peptide KR-8 for Engineering of LL-37mini to Combat Drug-Resistant Pathogens.ACS infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Peptide Stability Is Important but Not a General Requirement for Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Activity In Vitro and In Vivo.Molecular pharmaceutics · 2023Article
- The antimicrobial peptides LL-37, KR-20, FK-13 and KR-12 inhibit the growth of a sensitive and a metronidazole-resistant strain of Trichomonas vaginalis.Parasitology research · 2022Article
- Article
- 17BIPHE2, an engineered cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide with low susceptibility to proteases, is an effective spermicide and microbicide against Neisseria gonorrhoeae.Human reproduction (Oxford, England) · 2022Article
- Biofilms: Formation, Research Models, Potential Targets, and Methods for Prevention and Treatment.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2022Review
- Linearized teixobactin is inactive and after sequence enhancement, kills methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus via a different mechanism.Peptide science (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2022Article
- Efficiency of Antimicrobial Peptides Against Multidrug-Resistant Staphylococcal Pathogens.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Review
- Renovation as innovation: Repurposing human antibacterial peptide LL-37 for cancer therapy.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Review
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The deployment of the innate immune system in humans is essential to protect us from infection. Human cathelicidin LL-37 is a linear host defense peptide with both antimicrobial and immune modulatory properties. Despite years of studies of numerous peptides, SK-24, corresponding to the long hydrophobic domain (residues 9-32) in the anionic lipid-bound NMR structure of LL-37, has not been investigated. This study reports the structure and activity of SK-24. Interestingly, SK-24 is entirely helical (~100%) in phosphate buffer (PBS), more than LL-37 (84%), GI-20 (75%), and GF-17 (33%), while RI-10 and 17BIPHE2 are essentially randomly coiled (helix%: 7-10%). These results imply an important role for the additional N-terminal amino acids (likely E16) of SK-24 in stabilizing the helical conformation in PBS. It is proposed herein that SK-24 contains the minimal sequence for effective oligomerization of LL-37. Superior to LL-37 and RI-10, SK-24 shows an antimicrobial activity spectrum comparable to the major antimicrobial peptides GF-17 and GI-20 by targeting bacterial membranes and forming a helical conformation. Like the engineered peptide 17BIPHE2, SK-24 has a stronger antibiofilm activity than LL-37, GI-20, and GF-17. Nevertheless, SK-24 is least hemolytic at 200 µM compared with LL-37 and its other peptides investigated herein. Combined, these results enabled us to appreciate the elegance of the long amphipathic helix SK-24 nature deploys within LL-37 for human antimicrobial defense. SK-24 may be a useful template of therapeutic potential.
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