ArticlePharmaceutics2021
Nanoformulation Composed of Ellagic Acid and Functionalized Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Inactivates DNA and RNA Viruses.
Article in Pharmaceutics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 55 citations in OpenAlex.
- Nanoparticles in influenza research: a bibliometric analysis of global trends (2005 - 2025).Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Silica based nanocarriers for combination immunotherapy targeting the tumor immune microenvironment.Drug delivery and translational research · 2026Review
- Green Synthesis and Quality-by-Design Optimization ofMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Assessment of Bovine Herpesvirus Type 1 (BoHV-1) Stability and Infectivity on Copper, Zinc, and Stainless Steel Surfaces.Veterinary sciences · 2026Article
- Article
- Association between dietary zinc intake and herpes simplex virus seropositivity in U.S. adults: a cross-sectional study.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Enhanced Killing of Colon Cancer Cells by Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles Loaded with Ellagic Acid.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Mechanistic Perspectives on Herpes Simplex Virus Inhibition by Phenolic Acids and Tannins: Interference with the Herpesvirus Life Cycle.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Biological Activities and Phytochemical Screening ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Eliciting Callus Cultures for the Production of Cytotoxic Polyphenolics fromPlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Phytochemical profiling, antiviral activities, molecular docking, and dynamic simulations of selected Ruellia species extracts.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Metal-Organic Frameworks: Unconventional Nanoweapons against COVID.ACS applied materials & interfaces · 2024Article
- Article
- Discovery of Pyrano[2,3-Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Phytochemical Profiling and Antiviral Activity of Green Sustainable Nanoparticles Derived fromPlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Anti-COVID-19 Potential of Ellagic Acid and Polyphenols ofMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Recent advances of nanotechnology in COVID 19: A critical review and future perspective.OpenNano · 2023Review
- Green Synthesized Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Based onMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Insights into Antiviral Properties and Molecular Mechanisms of Non-Flavonoid Polyphenols against Human Herpesviruses.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- The Use of Medicinal Plant-Derived Metallic Nanoparticles in Theranostics.Pharmaceutics · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has strongly impacted daily life across the globe and caused millions of infections and deaths. No drug therapy has yet been approved for the clinic. In the current study, we provide a novel nanoformulation against DNA and RNA viruses that also has a potential for implementation against COVID-19. The inorganic-organic hybrid nanoformulation is composed of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) functionalized with triptycene organic molecules (TRP) via EDC/NHS coupling chemistry and impregnated with a natural agent, ellagic acid (ELG), via non-covalent interactions. The physicochemical properties of prepared materials were identified with several techniques. The hybrid nanoformulation contained 9.5 wt.% TRP and was loaded with up to 33.3 wt.% ELG. ELG alone exhibited higher cytotoxicity than both the ZnO NPs and nanoformulation against host cells. The nanoformulation efficiently inhibited viruses, compared to ZnO NPs or ELG alone. For H1N1 and HCoV-229E (RNA viruses), the nanoformulation had a therapeutic index of 77.3 and 75.7, respectively. For HSV-2 and Ad-7 (DNA viruses), the nanoformulation had a therapeutic index of 57.5 and 51.7, respectively. In addition, the nanoformulation showed direct inactivation of HCoV-229E via a virucidal mechanism. The inhibition by this mechanism was > 60%. Thus, the nanoformulation is a potentially safe and low-cost hybrid agent that can be explored as a new alternative therapeutic strategy for COVID-19.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.