ArticlePharmaceutics2021
An Atlas of the Quantitative Protein Expression of Anti-Epileptic-Drug Transporters, Metabolizing Enzymes and Tight Junctions at the Blood-Brain Barrier in Epileptic Patients.
Article in Pharmaceutics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dynamic modulation of the blood-brain barrier in the healthy brain.Nature reviews. Neuroscience · 2025Review
- Pretreatment with probiotics (Bacillus safensis NMCC-189 and Bacillus clausii) prevents epileptogenesis in mice via modulation of BBB integrity, oxidative stress, and neurotransmitter balance.Inflammopharmacology · 2025Article
- Integrative Analysis of Transcriptomics and Metabolomics Reveals the Effects of Western-Style Diets on Spleen Function.Biology · 2025Article
- Overview of Metformin and Neurodegeneration: A Comprehensive Review.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- The Role of Biological Rhythms in New Drug Formulations to Cross the Brain Barriers.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- DNA Methylation Description of Hippocampus, Cortex, Amygdala, and Blood of Drug-Resistant Temporal Lobe Epilepsy.Molecular neurobiology · 2023Article
- Protein Expression of Amino Acid Transporters Is Altered in Isolated Cerebral Microvessels of 5xFAD Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease.Molecular neurobiology · 2023Article
- In silico screening for clinical efficacy of antiseizure medications: Not all central nervous system drugs are alike.Epilepsia · 2023Article
- Proteomics-Based Transporter Identification by the PICK Method: Involvement of TM7SF3 and LHFPL6 in Proton-Coupled Organic Cation Antiport at the Blood-Brain Barrier.Pharmaceutics · 2022Article
- pH-Responsive Lipid Nanoparticles Achieve Efficient mRNA Transfection in Brain Capillary Endothelial Cells.Pharmaceutics · 2022Article
- Glucocorticoid Receptor β Isoform Predominates in the Human Dysplastic Brain Region and Is Modulated by Age, Sex, and Antiseizure Medication.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Dysfunction of ABC Transporters at the Surface of BBB: Potential Implications in Intractable Epilepsy and Applications of Nanotechnology Enabled Drug Delivery.Current drug metabolism · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to quantitatively elucidate the levels of protein expression of anti-epileptic-drug (AED) transporters, metabolizing enzymes and tight junction molecules at the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in the focal site of epilepsy patients using accurate SWATH (sequential window acquisition of all theoretical fragment ion spectra) proteomics. Brain capillaries were isolated from focal sites in six epilepsy patients and five normal brains; tryptic digests were produced and subjected to SWATH analysis. MDR1 and BCRP were significantly downregulated in the epilepsy group compared to the normal group. Out of 16 AED-metabolizing enzymes detected, the protein expression levels of GSTP1, GSTO1, CYP2E1, ALDH1A1, ALDH6A1, ALDH7A1, ALDH9A1 and ADH5 were significantly 2.13-, 6.23-, 2.16-, 2.80-, 1.73-, 1.67-, 2.47- and 2.23-fold greater in the brain capillaries of epileptic patients than those of normal brains, respectively. The protein expression levels of Claudin-5, ZO-1, Catenin alpha-1, beta-1 and delta-1 were significantly lower, 1.97-, 2.51-, 2.44-, 1.90- and 1.63-fold, in the brain capillaries of epileptic patients compared to those of normal brains, respectively. Consistent with these observations, leakage of blood proteins was also observed. These results provide for a better understanding of the therapeutic effect of AEDs and molecular mechanisms of AED resistance in epileptic patients.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.