ArticlePharmaceutics2021
Novel Naproxen Salts with Increased Skin Permeability.
Article in Pharmaceutics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Investigation of Transdermal Drug Delivery and In Vivo Pharmacokinetics of Choline Ketoprofen Ionic Liquid.ACS materials Au · 2026Article
- Review
- Intrinsic Dissolution Modeling: Interdependence Between Dissolution Rate, Solubility, and Boundary Layer Thickness.Pharmaceutics · 2025Article
- Evaluation of Solubility, Physicochemical Properties, and Cytotoxicity of Naproxen-Based Ionic Liquids.ACS omega · 2023Article
- Adjustment of the Structure of the Simplest Amino Acid Present in Nature-Glycine, toward More Environmentally Friendly Ionic Forms of Phenoxypropionate-Based Herbicides.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- New Ferulic Acid and Amino Acid Derivatives with Increased Cosmeceutical and Pharmaceutical Potential.Pharmaceutics · 2022Article
- Mechanistic Study of Release Characteristics of Two Active Ingredients in Transdermal Patch Containing Lidocaine-Flurbiprofen Ionic Liquid.Pharmaceutics · 2022Article
- Influence of the Type of Amino Acid on the Permeability and Properties of Ibuprofenates of Isopropyl Amino Acid Esters.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The paper presents the synthesis, full identification, and characterization of new salts-L-proline alkyl ester naproxenates [ProOR][NAP], where R was a chain from ethyl to butyl (including isopropyl). All obtained compounds were characterized by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray powder diffractometry (XRD), and in vitro dissolution studies. The specific rotation, phase transition temperatures (melting point), and thermal stability were also determined. In addition, their lipophilicity, permeability, and accumulation in pigskin were determined. Finally, toxicity against mouse L929 fibroblast cells was tested. The obtained naproxen derivatives showed improved solubility and higher absorption of drug molecules by biological membranes. Their lipophilicity was lower and increased with the increase in the alkyl chain of the ester. The derivative with isopropyl ester had the best permeability through pigskin. The use of L-proline isopropyl ester naproxenate increased the permeation of naproxen through the skin almost four-fold. It was also shown that the increase in permeability is not associated with additional risk: all compounds had a similar effect on cell viability as the parent naproxen.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.