ArticlePharmaceutics2021
Monitoring the Effect of Transdermal Drug Delivery Patches on the Skin Using Terahertz Sensing.
Article in Pharmaceutics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Influence of Occlusion on Oxybutynin Absorption from Gel-Deposited Excipients Using Ex Vivo Skin and Healthy Human Volunteers.The AAPS journal · 2026Article
- All-fibre-coupled terahertz single-pixel imaging for biomedical applications.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Simulated Comparison of On-Chip Terahertz Filters for Sub-Wavelength Dielectric Sensing.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- A Comprehensive Survey of Research Trends in mmWave Technologies for Medical Applications.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- A Chirped Characteristic-Tunable Terahertz Source for Terahertz Sensing.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Effect of transdermal drug delivery patches on the stratum corneum:Biomedical optics express · 2024Article
- Quantitative evaluation of transdermal drug delivery patches on human skin withBiomedical optics express · 2023Article
- Article
- Deep neural network classification of in vivo burn injuries with different etiologies using terahertz time-domain spectral imaging.Biomedical optics express · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Water content of the skin is an important parameter for controlling the penetration rate of chemicals through the skin barrier; therefore, for transdermal patches designed for drug delivery to be successful, the effects of the patches on the water content of the skin must be understood. Terahertz (THz) spectroscopy is a technique which is being increasingly investigated for biomedical applications due to its high sensitivity to water content and non-ionizing nature. In this study, we used THz measurements of the skin (in vivo) to observe the effect of partially and fully occlusive skin patches on the THz response of the skin after the patches had been applied for 24 h. We were able to observe an increase in the water content of the skin following the application of the patches and to identify that the skin remained hyper-hydrated for four hours after the removal of the fully occlusive patches. Herein, we show that THz spectroscopy has potential for increasing the understanding of how transdermal patches affect the skin, how long the skin takes to recover following patch removal, and what implications these factors might have for how transdermal drug patches are designed and used.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.