Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34959045›Full record

ArticleSocial science & medicine (1982)2022

Loneliness and psychological distress before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: Relationships with social media identity bubbles.

Rita Latikka, Aki Koivula, Reetta Oksa, Nina Savela, Atte Oksanen

Open access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Social science & medicine (1982), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
35citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
9.5field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

35 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 81 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Review
  3. Loneliness, affectivity and psychological distress in people living alone during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cluster analysis.Psicologia, reflexao e critica : revista semestral do Departamento de Psicologia da UFRGS · 2026
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  18. Psychological dynamics of pandemic resilience: a tale of two cultures.Journal of pharmaceutical policy and practice · 2024
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Rita LatikkaFaculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Kalevantie 4, 33100, Tampere, Finland. Electronic address: rita.latikka@tuni.fi.
Aki KoivulaFaculty of Social Sciences, University of Turku, Assistentinkatu 7, 20500, Turku, Finland. Electronic address: akjeko@utu.fi.
Reetta OksaFaculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Kalevantie 4, 33100, Tampere, Finland. Electronic address: reetta.oksa@tuni.fi.
Nina SavelaFaculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Kalevantie 4, 33100, Tampere, Finland. Electronic address: nina.savela@tuni.fi.
Atte OksanenFaculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Kalevantie 4, 33100, Tampere, Finland. Electronic address: atte.oksanen@tuni.fi.
Tampere University · FIUniversity of Turku · FI

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on well-being and mental health are a concern worldwide. This article is based on two longitudinal studies that investigated the role of social media use in loneliness and psychological distress before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Study 1 utilized nationally representative 3-point longitudinal data (n = 735) collected in 2017-2020 on the Finnish population. Study 2 utilized 5-point longitudinal data (n = 840) collected in 2019-2021 representing the Finnish working population. We analyzed the data using multilevel mixed-effects regression analysis. A longitudinal analysis of Study 1 showed that perceived loneliness did not increase among the Finnish population during the COVID-19 pandemic. Stronger involvement in social media identity bubbles predicted lower loneliness during the pandemic. Study 2 results showed that since the outbreak of the pandemic, psychological distress has increased among lonely individuals but not among the general working population. Involvement in social media identity bubbles predicted generally lower psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic, but it did not buffer against higher psychological distress among lonely individuals. The findings suggest that perceived loneliness is a risk factor for prolonged negative mental health effects of the pandemic. Social media identity bubbles can offer meaningful social resources during times of social distancing but cannot protect against higher psychological distress among those who perceive themselves as often lonely.

Indexed as

COVID-19Psychological DistressSocial MediaHumansLonelinessPandemicsSARS-CoV-2COVID-19LonelinessLongitudinal researchOnline communitiesPsychological distressSocial mediaSocial media identity bubbles

Identifiers

PMID34959045
PMCPMC8688936
OpenAlexW4200556747

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.