Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34958371›Full record

ArticlePlant physiology2022

Plant autoimmunity-fresh insights into an old phenomenon.

Matthias Freh, Jinlan Gao, Morten Petersen, Ralph Panstruga

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Plant physiology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
27citing papers in PubMed
10.6field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

27 citing papers in PubMed, 62 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
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  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
    Article
  9. TIR innovations in plant immunity.The New phytologist · 2026
    Review
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. TheProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
  14. Article
  15. How genomics can help unravel the evolution of endophytic fungi.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2025
    Review
  16. Review
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Matthias FrehInstitute for Biology I, Unit of Plant Molecular Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52056, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-7969-3166
Jinlan GaoInstitute of Biology, Functional Genomics, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark.
Morten PetersenInstitute of Biology, Functional Genomics, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark.ORCID 0000-0002-3035-5991
Ralph PanstrugaInstitute for Biology I, Unit of Plant Molecular Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52056, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-3756-8957
RWTH Aachen University · DEUniversity of Copenhagen · DK

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The plant immune system is well equipped to ward off the attacks of different types of phytopathogens. It primarily relies on two types of immune sensors-plasma membrane-resident receptor-like kinases and intracellular nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat (NLRs) receptors that engage preferentially in pattern- and effector-triggered immunity, respectively. Delicate fine-tuning, in particular of the NLR-governed branch of immunity, is key to prevent inappropriate and deleterious activation of plant immune responses. Inadequate NLR allele constellations, such as in the case of hybrid incompatibility, and the mis-activation of NLRs or the absence or modification of proteins guarded by these NLRs can result in the spontaneous initiation of plant defense responses and cell death-a phenomenon referred to as plant autoimmunity. Here, we review recent insights augmenting our mechanistic comprehension of plant autoimmunity. The recent findings broaden our understanding regarding hybrid incompatibility, unravel candidates for proteins likely guarded by NLRs and underline the necessity for the fine-tuning of NLR expression at various levels to avoid autoimmunity. We further present recently emerged tools to study plant autoimmunity and draw a cross-kingdom comparison to the role of NLRs in animal autoimmune conditions.

Indexed as

AutoimmunityCell MembraneGene Expression Regulation, PlantGenes, PlantIntracellular SpaceNLR ProteinsPhenotypePlant DiseasesPlant ImmunityProtein KinasesNLR ProteinsProtein Kinases

Identifiers

PMID34958371
PMCPMC8896616
OpenAlexW4200034103

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.