ArticleThe Journal of nutrition2022
Choline Supplementation Partially Restores Dendrite Structural Complexity in Developing Iron-Deficient Mouse Hippocampal Neurons.
Article in The Journal of nutrition, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Iron Deficiency Impairs Mitochondrial Energetics and Early Axonal Growth and Branching in Developing Hippocampal Neurons.The Journal of nutrition · 2026Article
- Neonatal phlebotomy-induced anemia compromises mitochondrial bioenergetics in the developing hippocampus.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Article
- Iron Deficiency Impairs Mitochondrial Energetics and Early Axonal Growth and Branching in Developing Hippocampal Neurons.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Effects of prenatal iron deficiency on neurological development and related disorders in offspring.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Review
- Cellular Iron Deficiency Disrupts Thyroid Hormone Regulated Gene Expression in Developing Hippocampal Neurons.The Journal of nutrition · 2024Article
- Article
- The Role of Choline in Neurodevelopmental Disorders-A Narrative Review Focusing on ASC, ADHD and Dyslexia.Nutrients · 2023Review
- Differential Early Mechanistic Frontal Lobe Responses to Choline Chloride and Soy Isoflavones in an Experimental Model of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Sex-Specific Effects of Early-Life Iron Deficiency and Prenatal Choline Treatment on Adult Rat Hippocampal Transcriptome.Nutrients · 2023Article
- Quantitative omics analyses of NCOA4 deficiency reveal an integral role of ferritinophagy in iron homeostasis of hippocampal neuronal HT22 cells.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Article
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5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundFetal-neonatal iron deficiency causes learning/memory deficits that persist after iron repletion. Simplified hippocampal neuron dendrite structure is a key mechanism underlying these long-term impairments. Early life choline supplementation, with postnatal iron repletion, improves learning/memory performance in formerly iron-deficient (ID) rats.
objectivesTo understand how choline improves iron deficiency-induced hippocampal dysfunction, we hypothesized that direct choline supplementation of ID hippocampal neurons may restore cellular energy production and dendrite structure.
methodsEmbryonic mouse hippocampal neuron cultures were made ID with 9 μM deferoxamine beginning at 3 d in vitro (DIV). At 11 DIV, iron repletion (i.e., deferoxamine removal) was performed on a subset of ID cultures. These neuron cultures and iron-sufficient (IS) control cultures were treated with 30 μM choline (or vehicle) between 11 and 18 DIV. At 18 DIV, the independent and combined effects of iron and choline treatments (2-factor ANOVA) on neuronal dendrite numbers, lengths, and overall complexity and mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis were analyzed.
resultsCholine treatment of ID neurons (ID + Cho) significantly increased overall dendrite complexity (150, 160, 180, and 210 μm from the soma) compared with untreated ID neurons to a level of complexity that was no longer significantly different from IS neurons. The average and total length of primary dendrites in ID + Cho neurons were significantly increased by ∼15% compared with ID neurons, indicating choline stimulation of dendrite growth. Measures of mitochondrial respiration, glycolysis, and ATP production rates were not significantly altered in ID + Cho neurons compared with ID neurons, remaining significantly reduced compared with IS neurons. Iron repletion significantly improved mitochondrial respiration, ATP production rates, overall dendrite complexity (100-180 μm from the soma), and dendrite and branch lengths compared with untreated ID neurons.
conclusionsBecause choline partially restores dendrite structure in ID neurons without iron repletion, it may have therapeutic potential when iron treatment is not possible or advisable. Choline's mechanism in ID neurons requires further investigation.
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