Trial reportJMIR mHealth and uHealth2021
Personalized Reminders for Immunization Using Short Messaging Systems to Improve Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Series Completion: Parallel-Group Randomized Trial.
Trial report in JMIR mHealth and uHealth, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 19 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Comparative Effectiveness of Interactive, Health Literacy Promoting Text Messages on HPV Vaccine Completion In Minority Adolescents
The Efficacy of Digital Educational Interventions on Parental HPV Knowledge and Attitude, and Their Children's HPV Vaccination Rates in Indonesia
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Effectiveness of stage-of-change (SOC)-tailored interventions in increasing uptake of any type of vaccination: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Applied psychology. Health and well-being · 2025Pooled it
- SMS-based interventions for improving child and adolescent vaccine coverage and timeliness: a systematic review.BMC public health · 2024Pooled it
- Effectiveness of SMS reminders to increase demand for HPV immunisation: a randomised controlled trial in Georgia.BMJ open · 2025Trial
- SEARCH Study: Text Messages and Automated Phone Reminders for HPV Vaccination in Uganda: Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR mHealth and uHealth · 2025Trial
- Co-creating HPV Vaccination Messages for Rural Washington: Application of a Boot Camp Translation Approach.Health education & behavior : the official publication of the Society for Public Health Education · 2026Article
- COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in Chinese residents: A national cross-sectional survey in the community setting.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Article
- Review
- Perceived barriers and facilitators to HPV vaccination: Insights from focus groups with unvaccinated mid-adults in a U.S. medically underserved area.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Article
- Bridging the Gap: Enhancing HPV (Human Papillomavirus) Education to Combat Rising Cancer Rates.Cureus · 2024Review
- Mobile Phone Text Message Reminders to Improve Vaccination Uptake: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Vaccines · 2024Review
- Article
- Development of Promising Interventions to Improve Human Papillomavirus Vaccination in a School-Based Program in Quebec, Canada: Results From a Formative Evaluation Using a Mixed Methods Design.JMIR formative research · 2024Article
- Article
- The Role of Adult Vaccines as Part of Antimicrobial Stewardship: A Scoping Review.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Examination of Text Message Plans and Baseline Usage of Families Enrolled in a Text Message Influenza Vaccine Reminder Trial: Survey Study.JMIR formative research · 2023Article
- Digital Health Interventions to Improve Adolescent HPV Vaccination: A Systematic Review.Vaccines · 2023Review
- Navigating the uncertainty: A novel taxonomy of vaccine hesitancy in the context of COVID-19.PloS one · 2023Article
- Messaging preferences among Florida caregivers participating in focus groups who had not yet accepted the HPV vaccine for their 11- to 12-year-old child.BMC public health · 2022Article
- Text Message Reminders to Improve Immunization Appointment Attendance in Alberta, Canada: The Childhood Immunization Reminder Project Pilot Study.JMIR mHealth and uHealth · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundCompletion rates among adolescents who initiate the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine 3-dose series are low. SMS text message vaccine reminders are effective, but less is known about the best types for HPV series completion or the ability to assess and target vaccine decision-making stage.
objectiveThe aim of this study is to compare the effectiveness of HPV vaccine series completion in minority adolescents who received precision and educational versus conventional SMS text message reminders.
methodsEnrolled parents of adolescents aged 9-17 years who received the first HPV vaccine dose at 1 of the 4 academic-affiliated community health clinics in New York City were randomized 1:1 to 1 of the 2 parallel, unblinded arms: precision SMS text messages (which included stage-targeted educational information, next dose due date, and site-specific walk-in hours) or conventional SMS text messages without educational information. Randomization was stratified according to gender, age, and language. The primary outcome was series completion within 12 months. In post hoc analysis, enrollees were compared with concurrent nonenrollees and historical controls.
resultsOverall, 956 parents were enrolled in the study. The precision (475 families) and conventional (481 families) SMS text message arms had similarly high series completion rates (344/475, 72.4% vs 364/481, 75.7%). A total of 42 days after the first dose, two-thirds of families, not initially in the preparation stage, moved to preparation or vaccinated stage. Those in either SMS text message arm had significantly higher completion rates than nonenrollees (708/1503, 47.1% vs 679/1503, 45.17%; P<.001). Even after removing those needing only 2 HPV doses, adolescents receiving any SMS text messages had higher completion rates than historical controls (337/2823, 11.93% vs 981/2823, 34.75%; P<.001). A population-wide effect was seen from 2014 to 2016, above historical trends.
conclusionsSMS text message reminders led to timely HPV vaccine series completion in a low-income, urban, minority study population and also led to population-wide effects. Educational information did not provide an added benefit to this population.
trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT02236273; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02236273.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.