ArticleNeurogastroenterology and motility2022
Autoimmune and viral risk factors are associated with achalasia: A case-control study.
Article in Neurogastroenterology and motility, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- AGA Clinical Practice Update on Esophageal Dysfunction Due to Disordered Immunity and Infection: Expert Review.Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association · 2024Guideline
- Exploring the Role of Post-Viral Phenomenon in the Pathogenesis of Achalasia: Insights From a Clinical Case.ACG case reports journal · 2026Article
- Modern treatment for achalasia: endoscopic and surgical therapies.The British journal of surgery · 2026Review
- Early-Life and Psychosocial Factors in Adults with Symptoms Consistent with Retrograde Cricopharyngeus Dysfunction.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Development of a diagnostic model for esophageal achalasia assessed by esophageal high-resolution manometry using artificial intelligence.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2026Article
- Reappraising the Association Between Varicella Zoster Virus and Esophageal Motility Disorders: Methodological and Interpretive Concerns in Salivary DNA Analysis.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2026Article
- Hormone replacement therapy and the risk of achalasia in postmenopausal women: A nationwide cohort study.Medicine · 2026Article
- Idiopathic achalasia: unraveling the etiology and pathogenesis of an inflammatory disease.Gastroenterology report · 2026Review
- The Relationship Between Esophageal Motility Disorders and Varicella Zoster Virus: A Study Using Salivary DNA.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2026Article
- Response Rate to Treatment of Achalasia Patients With Thyroid Disorders Versus Euthyroid Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study in Iran.JGH open : an open access journal of gastroenterology and hepatology · 2025Article
- Two onset types of achalasia and the long-term course to diagnosis.Esophagus : official journal of the Japan Esophageal Society · 2024Article
- The effect of per-oral endoscopic myotomy by achalasia subtype as measured by impedance planimetry.Surgical endoscopy · 2024Article
- Esophageal anatomy and physiology vary across spastic and non-spastic phenotypes of disorders of esophagogastric junction outflow.Neurogastroenterology and motility · 2024Article
- Achalasia is Strongly Associated With Eosinophilic Esophagitis and Other Allergic Disorders.Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association · 2024Article
- The mechanisms of nerve injury caused by viral infection in the occurrence of gastrointestinal motility disorder-related diseases.Virology journal · 2023Review
- Modern Achalasia: Diagnosis, Classification, and Treatment.Journal of neurogastroenterology and motility · 2023Review
- Achalasia: The Current Clinical Dilemma and Possible Pathogenesis.Journal of neurogastroenterology and motility · 2023Review
- "M1/M2" Muscularis Macrophages Are Associated with Reduction of Interstitial Cells of Cajal and Glial Cells in Achalasia.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2023Article
- MANAGEMENT OF SYMPTOMS RECURRENCE AFTER MYOTOMY FOR ACHALASIA. A PRACTICAL APPROACH.Arquivos brasileiros de cirurgia digestiva : ABCD = Brazilian archives of digestive surgery · 2023Review
- Addison's Disease: Diagnosis and Management Strategies.International journal of general medicine · 2023Review
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAchalasia is a rare esophageal motility disorder of uncertain etiology. While past studies have indicated that autoimmune conditions and viral infections may be associated with development of achalasia, these associations are yet to be examined in large, population-based studies.
methodsA matched case-control study was performed using administrative claim data from the IBM MarketScan Commercial Claims and Encounters Database between 2000 and 2019. A history of selected autoimmune conditions and viral infections was assessed using past medical claims. Multivariable conditional logistic regression was used to account for the matched nature of the study design and further control for confounding by demographic and clinical characteristics when reporting adjusted odds ratios (aORs). KEY
resultsAmong 6769 cases and 27,076 controls, presence of any of the autoimmune conditions studied was associated with increased odds of achalasia (aOR = 1.26, 95% CI: 1.11, 1.42). Scleroderma or systemic sclerosis (aOR = 8.13, 95% CI: 3.34, 19.80) and Addison's disease (aOR = 3.83, 95% CI: 1.83, 8.04) had the strongest associations with achalasia. Presence of any of the viral infections studied was also associated with an increased risk of achalasia (aOR = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.23, 2.01). Varicella zoster virus (aOR = 3.84, 95% CI: 1.94, 7.62) and human papillomavirus (aOR = 1.77, 95% CI: 1.15, 2.73) both had strong relationships with achalasia. CONCLUSIONS AND INFERENCES: These findings suggest that achalasia may have autoimmune and viral components contributing to its etiology. Future mechanistic studies could target specific diseases and agents highlighted by this research.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.