Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34957164›Full record

ReviewFrontiers in medicine2021

New Applications of HBOC-201: A 25-Year Review of the Literature.

Min Cao, Yong Zhao, Hongli He, Ruiming Yue, Lingai Pan, Huan Hu, Yingjie Ren, Qin Qin, Xueliang Yi, Tao Yin and 3 more

Open access · goldAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Frontiers in medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
19citing papers in PubMed
2.3field-weighted citation impact, top 12% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

19 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Cocktail-style multifunctional resuscitation fluids: Where are we now in 2026?Journal of anesthesia and translational medicine · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.

Min CaoDepartment of Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
Yong ZhaoAnesthesiology, Southwest Medicine University, Luzhou, China.
Hongli HeDepartment of Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
Ruiming YueDepartment of Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
Lingai PanDepartment of Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
Huan HuDepartment of Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
Yingjie RenDepartment of Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
Qin QinDepartment of Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
Xueliang YiDepartment of Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
Tao YinSurgical Department, Chengdu Second People's Hospital, Chengdu, China.
Lina MaHealth Inspection and Quarantine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China.
Dingding ZhangSichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
Xiaobo HuangDepartment of Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
University of Electronic Science and Technology of China · CNChengdu Medical College · CNChengdu Second People's Hospital · CNSichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital · CNSouthwest Medical University · CN

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

If not cured promptly, tissue ischemia and hypoxia can cause serious consequences or even threaten the life of the patient. Hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier-201 (HBOC-201), bovine hemoglobin polymerized by glutaraldehyde and stored in a modified Ringer's lactic acid solution, has been investigated as a blood substitute for clinical use. HBOC-201 was approved in South Africa in 2001 to treat patients with low hemoglobin (Hb) levels when red blood cells (RBCs) are contraindicated, rejected, or unavailable. By promoting oxygen diffusion and convective oxygen delivery, HBOC-201 may act as a direct oxygen donor and increase oxygen transfer between RBCs and between RBCs and tissues. Therefore, HBOC-201 is gradually finding applications in treating various ischemic and hypoxic diseases including traumatic hemorrhagic shock, hemolysis, myocardial infarction, cardiopulmonary bypass, perioperative period, organ transplantation, etc. However, side effects such as vasoconstriction and elevated methemoglobin caused by HBOC-201 are major concerns in clinical applications because Hbs are not encapsulated by cell membranes. This study summarizes preclinical and clinical studies of HBOC-201 applied in various clinical scenarios, outlines the relevant mechanisms, highlights potential side effects and solutions, and discusses the application prospects. Randomized trials with large samples need to be further studied to better validate the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of HBOC-201 to the extent where patient-specific treatment strategies would be developed for various clinical scenarios to improve clinical outcomes.

Indexed as

clinical settingsHBOC-201oxygen bridgeoxygen-carrying capacitiesred blood cell

Identifiers

PMID34957164
PMCPMC8692657
OpenAlexW4200509035

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.