ReviewFrontiers in immunology2021
Angioedema Without Wheals: Challenges in Laboratorial Diagnosis.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- International Guideline on the Diagnosis and Management of Pediatric Patients With Hereditary Angioedema.Allergy · 2026Guideline
- Article
- The International/Canadian hereditary angioedema guideline.Allergy, asthma, and clinical immunology : official journal of the Canadian Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · 2026Review
- Angioedema due to acquired C1 inhibitor deficiency: patient experience, conceptual disease model, and assessment of patient-reported outcome measures.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Global frequency, diagnosis, and treatment of hereditary angioedema with normal C1 inhibitor.The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. Global · 2025Article
- Hereditary angioedema diagnosis: Reflecting on the past, envisioning the future.The World Allergy Organization journal · 2025Review
- Clinical validity of dried blood spot assay for the measurement of functional C1 inhibitor in angioedema due to C1 inhibitor deficiency.The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. Global · 2025Article
- Amlodipine-Associated Angioedema: An Integrated Pharmacovigilance Assessment Using Disproportionality and Interaction Analysis and Case Reviews.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Validating and utilizing dried blood spots for family screening: Screening Programme Providing Outreach for Testing Hereditary Angioedema (SPPOT-HAE).The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. Global · 2025Article
- Etiology, Recent Advances, and Clinical Trials Data for the Treatment of Angioedema: A Review.Reviews on recent clinical trials · 2025Review
- Exploring disease-specific metabolite signatures in hereditary angioedema patients.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Hong Kong-Macau Severe Hives and Angioedema Referral Pathway.Frontiers in allergy · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Angioedema is a prevailing symptom in different diseases, frequently occurring in the presence of urticaria. Recurrent angioedema without urticaria (AE) can be hereditary (HAE) and acquired (AAE), and several subtypes can be distinguished, although clinical presentation is quite similar in some of them. They present with subcutaneous and mucosal swellings, affecting extremities, face, genitals, bowels, and upper airways. AE is commonly misdiagnosed due to restricted access and availability of appropriate laboratorial tests. HAE with C1 inhibitor defect is associated with quantitative and/or functional deficiency. Although bradykinin-mediated disease results mainly from disturbance in the kallikrein-kinin system, traditionally complement evaluation has been used for diagnosis. Diagnosis is established by nephelometry, turbidimetry, or radial immunodiffusion for quantitative measurement of C1 inhibitor, and chromogenic assay or ELISA has been used for functional C1-INH analysis. Wrong handling of the samples can lead to misdiagnosis and, consequently, mistaken inappropriate approaches. Dried blood spot (DBS) tests have been used for decades in newborn screening for certain metabolic diseases, and there has been growing interest in their use for other congenital conditions. Recently, DBS is now proposed as an efficient tool to diagnose HAE with C1 inhibitor deficiency, and its use would improve the access to outbound areas and family members. Regarding HAE with normal C1 inhibitor, complement assays' results are normal and the genetic sequencing of target genes, such as exon 9 of
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.