ArticleThe Journal of cardiovascular nursing
Characterizing Pain Leading to Emergency Medical Services Activation in Heart Failure.
Article in The Journal of cardiovascular nursing. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clinicians' perspectives of pain in older adults with heart failure.Geriatric nursing (New York, N.Y.) · 2026Article
- Unique contributions of heart failure and chronic pain on physical function and quality of life in older adults.Geriatric nursing (New York, N.Y.) · 2026Article
- Pain and Heart Failure During Transport by Emergency Medical Services and Its Associated Outcomes: Hospitalization, Mortality, and Length of Stay.Western journal of nursing research · 2024Article
- Pain, Return to Community Status, and 90-Day Mortality Among Hospitalized Patients With Heart Failure.The Journal of cardiovascular nursingArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPain is a common but understudied symptom among patients with heart failure (HF) transported by emergency medical services (EMS). The aims were to determine explanatory factors of a primary complaint of pain and pain severity, and characterize pain among patients with HF transported by EMS.
methodsData from electronic health records of patients with HF transported by EMS within a midwestern United States county from 2009 to 2017 were analyzed. Descriptive statistics, χ 2 , analysis of variance, and logistic and multiple linear regression analyses were used.
resultsThe sample (N = 4663) was predominantly women (58.1%) with self-reported race as Black (57.7%). The mean age was 64.2 ± 14.3 years. Pain was the primary complaint in 22.2% of the sample, with an average pain score of 6.8 ± 3.1 out of 10. The most common pain complaint was chest pain (68.1%). Factors associated with a primary pain complaint were younger age (odds ratio [OR], 0.97; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.96-0.97), history of myocardial infarction (OR, 1.96; 95% CI, 1.55-2.49), and absence of shortness of breath (OR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.58-0.77). Factors associated with higher pain severity were younger age ( b = -0.05, SE = 0.013), being a woman ( b = 1.17, SE = 0.357), and White race ( b = -1.11, SE = 0.349).
conclusionsClinical and demographic factors need consideration in understanding pain in HF during EMS transport. Additional research is needed to examine these factors to improve pain management and reduce transports due to pain.
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Registered trials
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