Trial reportJournal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)2022
Effect of HIV Self-Testing on PrEP Adherence Among Gender-Diverse Sex Workers in Uganda: A Randomized Trial.
Trial report in Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Interventions to Improve Adherence to Oral Pre-exposure Prophylaxis: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis.AIDS and behavior · 2024Pooled it
- Examining the Use of HIV Self-Testing to Support PrEP Delivery: a Systematic Literature Review.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2022Pooled it
- Integrated PrEP and STI Services for Transgender Women in Uganda: Qualitative Findings from a Randomized Trial.AIDS and behavior · 2025Trial
- Exploring and Predicting HIV Preexposure Prophylaxis Adherence Patterns Among Men Who Have Sex With Men: Randomized Controlled Longitudinal Study of an mHealth Intervention in Western China.JMIR mHealth and uHealth · 2024Trial
- Trial
- Scaling Up HIV Self-Testing in Africa: Insights From National Programmatic Data in Eight Countries.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2026Article
- Understanding Factors Influencing HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis adherence among men who have sex with men in Western China: a data-driven exploration using bayesian networks.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Identifying barriers and coping strategies for pre-exposure prophylaxis disclosure: experiences of Ugandan adolescent girls engaged in transactional sex-a qualitative study.Frontiers in global women's health · 2025Article
- Female sex worker preferences for HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis delivery in Uganda: A discrete choice experiment.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Breakthrough Acute HIV Infections among Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Users with High Adherence: A Narrative Review.Viruses · 2024Review
- Health intervention trials involving transgender, transabled and transracial persons in Africa: A scoping review.Public health challenges · 2024Review
- Enhancing daily oral PrEP adherence with digital communications: Protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2024Article
- Measuring Oral Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) Continuation Through Electronic Health Records During Program Scale-Up Among the General Population in Zambia.AIDS and behavior · 2023Article
- An implementation strategy package (video education, HIV self-testing, and co-location) improves PrEP implementation for pregnant women in antenatal care clinics in western Kenya.Frontiers in reproductive health · 2023Article
- Self-Testing as a Hope to Reduce HIV in Transgender Women-Literature Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Review
- Self-reported and pill count measures of adherence to oral HIV PrEP among female sex workers living in South-Western Uganda.PloS one · 2022Article
- Using an interactive web application to identify pre-exposure prophylaxis adherence among men who have sex with men.International journal of clinical and health psychology : IJCHPArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundHIV self-testing (HIVST) and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) are complementary tools that could empower sex workers to control their HIV protection, but few studies have jointly evaluated PrEP and HIVST in any setting.
methodsThe Empower Study was an open-label randomized trial in Uganda. Sex workers were offered F/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and randomized 1:1 to monthly HIVST and quarterly in-clinic testing (intervention) or quarterly in-clinic HIV testing alone (standard of care) and followed up for 12 months. PrEP adherence was measured using electronic adherence monitoring and tenofovir diphosphate (TFV-DP) levels in dried blood spots. Adherence outcomes and sexual behaviors were compared by arm using generalized estimating equation models.
resultsWe enrolled 110 sex workers: 84 cisgender women, 14 transgender women, 10 men who have sex with men, and 2 transgender men. The median age was 23 years. The 12-month retention was 75%. Nearly all (99.4%) used ≥1 HIVST kit. The proportion with TFV-DP levels ≥700 fmol/punch in the HIVST and standard of care arms at the 3-, 6-, 9-, and 12-month visits was 2.4%, 2.3%, 0%, and 0% and 7.9%, 0%, 0%, and 0%, respectively, with no differences by randomization arm (P > 0.2). Self-reported condomless sex acts with paying partners was similar by arm [adjusted incidence rate ratio 0.70; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.42 to 1.17; P = 0.18]. One seroconversion occurred (HIV incidence, 0.9/100 person-years); TFV-DP was not detected at any visit.
conclusionsA gender-diverse sample of sex workers in Uganda used HIVST but not daily oral PrEP for HIV protection. Alternate approaches to promote PrEP use, including long-acting formulations, should be considered in this population.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.